Chromosome complements of <i>Akodon montensis</i> and <i>Thaptomys nigrita</i> with regions of homology to chromosome-specific probes of <i>Hylaeamys megacephalus</i>.

<p>A-B: G-banded karyotypes. Black-square: C-banded X-chromosomes. Grey-square: C-banded B-chromosome. Bar = 10 μm.</p

Syntenic relationships among several chromosome pairs of <i>Hylaeamys megacephalus</i> (HME), <i>Akodon montensis</i> (AMO), <i>A</i>. <i>paranaensis</i> (APA), <i>Thaptomys nigrita</i> (TNI), and <i>Cerradomys langguthi</i> (CLA) reveled by different chromosome-paint probes (Adapted from Hass et al [15, 16], Ventura et al. [12], and Nagamachi et al. [17]).

<p>Dotted lines: indirectly inferred homology from Ventura et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143482#pone.0143482.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>] data. See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143482#sec007" target="_blank">Discussion</a> for details.</p

Total number and location of FISH signals observed on <i>Akodon montensis</i> and <i>Thaptomys nigrita</i> with specific-chromosome probes of <i>Hylaeamys megacephalus</i>.

<p>Total number and location of FISH signals observed on <i>Akodon montensis</i> and <i>Thaptomys nigrita</i> with specific-chromosome probes of <i>Hylaeamys megacephalus</i>.</p

Ideograms of <i>Akodon montensis</i> (A), <i>Thaptomys nigrita</i> (B), and <i>Cerradomys langguthi</i> (C), showing chromosome homologies to <i>Hylaeamys megacephalus</i> (left black numbers) and <i>Akodon paranaensis</i> (right green numbers).

<p>Red stars show regions without complementarity with the probes used. Scale shows the percent relative size of chromosome pairs. (Adapted from Ventura et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143482#pone.0143482.ref012" target="_blank">12</a>], and Nagamachi et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0143482#pone.0143482.ref017" target="_blank">17</a>]).</p

Hybridization <i>in situ</i> experiments with chromosome-specific probes of <i>Hylaemys megacephalus</i> hybridized to metaphase chromosomes of <i>Akodon montensis</i> (a, b, c, d and e) and <i>Thaptomys nigrita</i> (f) showing syntenic associations.

<p>Yellow numbers indicating each matching chromosome pair on target species. Bar = 10 μm.</p

Optimization of the basic number (right) and the position of NORs (left) in Cophomantini on a condensed phylogenetic hypothesis resulting from the analyses of Faivovich et al. [21] and Duellman et al. [7].

<p>Optimization of the basic number (right) and the position of NORs (left) in Cophomantini on a condensed phylogenetic hypothesis resulting from the analyses of Faivovich et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0192861#pone.0192861.ref021" target="_blank">21</a>] and Duellman et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0192861#pone.0192861.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>].</p

Idiograms with DAPI-CMA₃ bands present in the species of <i>Boana</i> and <i>Hyloscirtus</i> studied in this paper.

<p>Scale indicates percentage relative size of chromosome pairs.</p

Triploid specimen of <i>Boana pulchella</i> (LGE 11504).

<p><b>A</b>. Giemsa stained karyotype. <b>B.</b> C banded pattern. <b>C.</b> Meiotic cell in metaphase I stage. <b>D.</b> Normal spermatid (<b>I</b>) and abnormal microspermatid (<b>II</b>).</p

Studied species and the cytogenetic techniques applied for each one.

<p>Studied species and the cytogenetic techniques applied for each one.</p

C banding pattern in karyotypes of the <i>Boana faber</i> and <i>B</i>. <i>pulchella</i> groups.

<p><b>A.</b><i>B</i>. <i>faber</i>. <b>B.</b><i>B</i>. <i>cipoensis</i>. <b>C.</b><i>B</i>. <i>curupi</i>. <b>D.</b><i>B</i>. <i>stellae</i>. <b>E.</b><i>B</i>. <i>albonigra</i>. <b>F.</b><i>B</i>. <i>riojana</i>. <b>G.</b><i>B</i>. <i>marianitae</i>. <b>H.</b><i>B</i>. <i>bischoffi</i>. <b>I.</b><i>B</i>. <i>cordobae</i>. <b>J.</b><i>B</i>. <i>pulchella</i>. <b>K.</b><i>B</i>. <i>caingua</i>.</p