Evaluasi Genotipe Sorgum Manis (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Produksi Biomas Dan Daya Ratun Tinggi

The possibility of sustainable use of sweet sorghum as raw material for animal feed and bioethanol need to be supported by evaluation and selection of sweet sorghum genotypes for high biomass production, sugar content of the stalk, and its ratooning ability. An experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Cereal Crops Research Institute, Maros, during the anomalic season (La Nina) from November 2009 to September 2010. Fourteen genotypes of sweet sorghum were planted in plots arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The sorghum seeds were planted as primary crop plants in November 2009 and harvested in February 2010. Ratoons of the primary crop (Ratoon I) started to grow in February 2010 and was harvested in May 2010, while Ratoon II started to grow in May 2010 and was harvested in August 2010. The results showed that none of the sorghum genotypes had the potential of high fresh biomass production, high ratooning ability, and high sugar content of stalk juice. Genotype 15021A produced the highest fresh biomass (63.4 t/ha), but had low ratooning ability l (33-44%) and low sugar stalk juice content (9 brix). Meanwhile, genotype 15105B had high ratooning ability (64-88%) and high sugar content of stalk juice (13 brix), but it had a low fresh biomass production (41.8 t/ha). The amount of fresh biomass production from the primary crop plants until Ratoon II was determined by the potential production of fresh biomass/ha and ratooning capability of the sorghum genotype. The fresh biomass production of the sorghum genotype was correlated with the plant height and the date of flowering

Genetic Diversity of S3 Maize Genotypes Resistant to Downy Mildew Based on Ssr Markers

The compulsory requirement for releasing new high yielding maize varieties is resistance to downy mildew. The study aimed to determine the level of homozygosity, genetic diversity, and genetic distance of 30 S3 genotypes of maize. Number of primers to be used were 30 polymorphic SSR loci which are distributed over the entire maize genomes. The S3 genotypes used were resistant to downy mildew with homozygosity level of >80%, genetic distance between the test and tester strains >0.7, and anthesis silking interval (ASI) between inbred lines and tester lines was maximum 3 days. The results showed that 30 SSR primers used were spread evenly across the maize genomes which were manifested in the representation of SSR loci on each chromosome of a total of 10 chromosomes. The levels of polymorphism ranged from 0.13 to 0.78, an average of 0.51, and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 8 alleles per SSR locus, an average of 4 alleles per SSR locus. The size of nucleotides in each locus also varied from 70 to 553 bp. Cophenetic correlation value (r) at 0.67 indicated that the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) was less reliable for differentiating genotypes in five groups. Of the total of 30 genotypes analyzed, 17 genotypes had homozygosity level of >80% so it can be included in the hybrid assembly program

Skrining Ketahanan Galur S1 Jagung Terhadap Penyakit Bulai Dan Pembentukan Galur S2 Tahan Penyakit Bulai

Biotic stress, especially downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence, is one of the most important constraints in the development of corn in the country, because it attack on young plant of susceptible varieties, it can cause damage up to 100%. Resistance screening of 84 of S1 maize lines to downy mildew and the formation of S2 lines resistant to downy mildew was conducted in Bajeng Experimental Farm at Gowa, South Sulawesi lasted from February to May 2013. This study aimed to screen the S1 lines resistant to downy mildew and forming S2 lines resistant to downy mildew. Four weeks before the S1 lines planted, the source of inoculum (Anoman variety) was planted in two rows around the test plot. One week after Anoman was planted, it was sprayed with a conidial suspension of the fungus P. philipinensis in the early morning. Three weeks after inoculation of Anoman, 84 of S1 lines to be screened for downy mildew were planted. In this test, resistant check MR14 and susceptible check Anoman was included, each planted in two rows along the 5 m, a spacing of 75 x 25 cm with two replications. Urea fertilizer was used at a dose of 350 kg/ha and Ponska with a dose of 300 kg/ha. Observation of the percentage of downy mildew incidence started at 30 days after planting. The results showed that only three lines and MR14 resistant showed moderately resistant to downy mildew. Percentage of disease incidence ranged from 36–100 percent. However, from this test a number of 580 S2 lines resistant to downy mildew were obtained

Pemanfaatan Nira Batang, Bagas, Dan Biji Sorgum Manis Sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol

The study was conducted at ICERI (Indonesian Cereals Research Institute), at the Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Paulus Christen University (UKIP), and at Laboratory of Bioprocess, Department of Chemical Engeneering, Polytechnic Ujung Pandang, from March to November 2010. The aim of this study was to determine the potential ethanol production derived from juice, bagasse (sellulose), and sorghum grain (starch). Eleven sweet sorghum genotypes were tested, local varieties Selayar Hitam, Sorgum Hitam, and variety Numbu were used as checks. The results showed that yield of stem biomass, high brix sugar content, high yield of bagasse, high grain yield, and high content of glucose derived from grain were characters that could be used as criteria for selection of sorghum genotypes producing high ethanol per unit area. These characters were correlated with the ethanol production per unit area. Genotypes 1521A, 15011A, and Watar Hammu Putih were prospective sweet sorghum for the ethanol production. These genotypes were supported by high yield of stem biomass per unit area, high brix sugar content, and high grain yield than check varieties, except for Watar Hammu Putih. Although all of the three raw materials had the potential use for bioethanol production, stem juice and bagasse were more suitable to be used than the grain, since it would not compete with the use of grain for food

Keragaman Genetik Inbrida Jagung QPM dan Normal Berbasis Marka Mikrosatelit dan Hubungannya dengan Penampilan Hibrida

Information on genetic divergence ofinbred lines and performance of the hybrids developed fromthe lines is a great value in maize hybrid program. A studywas conducted to evaluate genetic diversity of six QPM andfive normal maize inbred lines, to determine the relationshipbetween genetic distance based on SSR markers and thegrain yield of single cross hybrid, and to get informationpromising hybrid from the single cross of QPM hybrid.Twenty four polymorphic primers that covered the 10 maizechromosomes were used to fingerprint the lines, detectingin 94 alleles (average of 3.9 and a range of 2-6 alleles perlocus). Genetic divergences were determined using theJaccard’s similarity coefficient, and a dendrogram wasconstructed using the UPGMA. Cluster analysis divided theinbreds into two clusters that were confirmed by principalcoordinate analysis. Two promising QPM hybrids that arecrossed from different heterotic group were found. Theestimated value of simple correlations (r) of GDs with thegain yield of single cross hybrid was negatif (-0.07). There isa need to conduct more field trials to obtain more accuratecorrelations, particularly in a practical utility for predictingmaize hybrid performance for grain yield

Penampilan Fenotipik Dan Stabilitas Sorgum Manis Untuk Bahan Baku Bioetanol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic performance of promising lines sweet stalk sorghum to produce high yield of ethanol different agroecological zones. Eleven genotipes and three check varieties of sweet sorghum were tested in eight different locations in four provinces in Indonesia, namely Sidrap and Bulukumba (South Sulawesi), Polman and Majene (West Sulawesi), Telaga and Biyonga (Gorontalo), and Kendalpayak and Tajiran (East Java) from July until December 2009. The combined analysis of variance showed that the effect of genotypes, locations, interaction of genotipes and locations, were significant for all traits. Based on the phenotypic performance five genotipes with high yield of ethanol were identified. Yield ethanol was high up to 4536 l/ha much higher than those of three check varities. Genotypes Watar Hammu Putih, 4-183A, 15011A, 15011B, and 15021A yielded ethanol from the fermentation process amounted to 6616 l, 4999 l, 5927 l, 5732 l, and 6653 l/ha. The high were ethanol production from each genotype was supported by characters that were relatively different, but the most dominant was the weight of biomass stem per ha, with the coefficient of correlation of 0.92. Stability analysis identified four characters, namely brix sugar content, production of ethanol per hectare, weight of stem biomass, and grain yield per ha. The five promising genotipes with high ethanol yields, were adaptive to spesific loacations. Genotypes 5-193C had wide range of adaptation across the 8 locations, but ethanol production was lower than that check cultivar. Genotype with the highest grain yield was 1090A