La película La Malcasada como ejemplo de la proyección de la imagen estereotipada de los militares africanistas en los medios de comunicación

Título: La película La Malcasada como ejemplo de la proyección de la imagen estereotipada de los militares africanistas en los medios de comunicaciónTitle: The film La Malcasada as an example of repercussion of Africanistas soldiers' stereotyped image in mass media [ES] Resumen: Con la aparición de algunos militares africanistas en algunas de sus secuencias, La Malcasada vehicula una apariencia de modernidad desde una sociedad tradicional en tránsito hacia otra de consumo. El film es una foto fija de la clase social dirigente, donde se mezclan elementos antiguos (aristocracia, toreros…) con agentes que representan la actualidad más avanzada (artistas, médicos, ingenieros...). El ejército también pretendía participar de dicha modernidad, y el cine, junto con el resto de medios de comunicación a su alcance, representaba una excelente oportunidad para la propagación de sus estereotipos hacia un público refractario a sus actuaciones en el Protectorado.Palabras clave: Estereotipos, Imagen, Medios de Comunicación, Militares Africanistas, Modernidad. [EN] Abstract: Demarcated inside the Communication theory, this article is based on studies of American journalist and political analyst Walter Lippman, where it is explained how the mass media create, through stereotypes, the reality of different matters which escapes from the direct experience of citizens (mental imagery which settle a classification on individuals, groups and different realities). Apart from this, the theoretical foundation relies on agenda-setting theory too, which study how mass media implant newsworthy matters (news and problems that have to be discussed in the public space) and the frames of the interpretation of social realities, as well as the influence that they have in public opinion and the establishment of their long term effects.The movie La Malcasada, where different soldiers (general Francisco Franco, colonel Millán Astray, general José Sanjurjo) of the Spanish Colonial Army in Morocco (which is called Africanista army), is a vehicle to give an appearance of modernity, from a traditional society to a mass society based on urban way of life and consumption, and where propaganda plays a fundamental role. The film is a fixed view of the leader social class, where ancient social elements (aristocracy, politicians, bullfighters…) are mixed with new social agents (artists, doctors, engineers…). The army wanted to participate in that trendiness too, and the cinema, together with other mass media, constituted an excellent opportunity to propagate its stereotypes to a refractory public who was against its military interventions in the Spanish Protectorate in Morocco. The film is a point of departure and an example to analyze how the Spanish army, particularly those Africanistas soldiers, used all mass media to their range to create a positive image of their political and military actions in the Protectorate in Morocco. All this was made a reality through different ways: movies (documentaries and fictional films), novels, photos, songs, toys, etc. carrying out a great effort to combine images and words. To get that target, they turned to control of news through censorship, biased information, governmental grants and support of opinion leadership agents, and, in this way, the army stereotypes inside Spanish society were reinforced.For this study, different sources has been used, such as specialized bibliography about military Africanismo phenomena, mass media (specifically cinema and press), as well as the information provided from files of digital newspapers libraries. In addition, material coming from the movie La Malcasada and other films has been watched for their analysis.Keywords: Africanistas soldiers, Image, Mass Media, Modernity, Stereotypes

Azafluorenes. Synthesis and conversions

Data on the chemistry of azafluorenes (indenopyridines) for the last two decades are summarised. Methods of synthesis of all isomeric (as regards the position of the nitrogen atom) azafluorenes are considered. The main reactions of azafluorenes are analysed, their reactivity is determined by the presence and mutual influence of two different conjugated fused rings (benzene and pyridine) and the mode of fusion of the indene and pyridine fragments. The principal conversions of substituants at different positions of the azafluorcne system are considered. Evidence is presented on the natural occurrence of azafluorenes, the biological activity of their synthetic derivatives, and on the structure and physicochemical properties of azafluorenes and their derivatives. © 1997 Russian Academy of Sciences and Turpion Ltd

Selective catalytic hydrogenation of the pyridine ring in arylpyridines and condensed pyridine systems (review)

Data are summarized concerning selective hydrogenation of the pyridine ring in arylpyridines, including those containing silicon, and in annelated pyridines. An effective catalyst, rhenium heptasulfide, has been found, which makes it possible to reduce the pyridine ring without affecting the benzene rings. © 1993 Plenum Publishing Corporation

β-(5-Methyl-4-phenylpyridin-2-yl)alkanols

The α-lithiomethyl derivative obtained by the metallation of 2,5-dimethyl-4-phenylpyridine with methyllithium has been used in the synthesis of several alcohols of the pyridine series. © 1973 Consultants Bureau, a division of Plenum Publishing Corporation

1, 2, 5-Trimethyl-4-phenylethynylpiperidol-4 and its reactions

1, 2, 5-Trimethyl-4-phenylethynylpiperidol-4 and 1 2, 5-trirnethyl-4-ß-phenylethynylpiperidol-4 are prepared by various methods. Their interconversion is studied, and individual stereoisomeric forms of these piperidols isolated. 1, 2, 5-Trimethyl-4-phenylethynylpiperidol-4 is hydrated, and the resultant ω -(1,′ 2′, 5′-trimethyldidehydropiperidyl-4′) acetophenone used to effect synthesis of a number of secondary and tertiary carbinols. 2, 5-Dimethyl-4-ß-phenylethylpyridine is prepared from 1, 2, 5-trimethyl-4-ß-phenylethylpiperidol-4. © 1966 The Faraday Press, Inc

2,5-dimethyl-4-phenylpyridine in the synthesis of substituted indolizines and indeno [2,1-f]indo lizines

The previously unknown 1-acyl-2-aryl(alkyl)-6-methyl-3,7-diphenylindolizines, 2,3-diphenyl-1-acetyl-6-oxo-6H-indeno[2,l-f ]indolizine and 2-methyl-3,6-diphenyl-1-acetyl-6-hydroxy-6H-indeno[2,1-f] indolizine were obtained from 2,5-dimethyl-4-phenylpyridine. © 1974 Consultants Bureau, a division of Plenum Publishing Corporation

Substituted pyridines. 2, 5-dimethyl-4-styryl- and -4-phenylethy-nylpyridines

2, 5-Dimethyl-4-styrylpyridine and 2,5-dimethyl-4-phenylethynylpyridine are prepared from 2, 5-dimethyl-4-β-phenylethylpyridine. Hydration of the second of these compounds gives gw-(2,5-dimethylpyridyl-4)acetophenone. © 1969 The Faraday Press, Inc