Phase feeding for growing and finishing pigs (OK-Net Ecofeed Practice Abstract)

Benefits Phase feeding will more closely match the pig’s nutrient requirements and minimise the over- and underfeeding of nutrients. The feed will be better utilised by the pigs, in favour of both production economy and reduced N-emissions. Practical recommendation • To get the maximum benefit from phase feeding, diets and feeding should be established based on actual animal performance and profitability/performance goals for each stage of production. It is easier to develop with a small number of pigs per batch (to manage heterogeneity) • Diets should be formulated on a digestible amino acid basis rather than on a total amino acid or crude protein basis, crude protein should preferably be kept at a low level and ingredients should be analysed for their nutrient contents. • A phase feeding system is complex and factors such as the availability of high-quality protein feed ingredients, the managing and ordering of feed as well as the need for additional feed bins on the farm must be considered. • Consult with an advisor or nutritionist to adjust the feeding plan accordingly to meet the production goals

Visual Literacies and Young Children’s Writing: Creating Spaces for Young Children’s Voices and Engaging in Authentic Writing Experiences

Young children engage in multimodal written expression. The research in this study explores the spaces that were created, and the stories created by children in an after-school comic club. The club utilized the Writer’s Workshop model to support the Being a Writer program that is used in the Ocean View School District (Ocean View School District is a pseudonym). I created a supplemental writing program that utilized visual literacy instruction and taught the lessons in the club. The theoretical framework incorporated developmentally appropriate writing instruction, visual literacy elements, and sociocultural theory. This study employed an action research methodology with multiple data collection points. The coding of data points used provisional (a priori) coding and open coding. Students created multimodal artifacts as part of the club and were able to create authentic and purposeful drawings and writings. The students were able to make meaning using pictures and words. The student writers’ stories were shared in an Author Celebration. The roles of collaboration, drawing, and writing were major components of the work that the student writers engaged in and the processes through which they produced their work

Illegal Insider Trading

According to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission illegal insider trading is defined as buying or selling a security, in breach of a fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence, while in possession of material, nonpublic information about the security. Insider trading violations may also include tipping such information, securities trading by the person tipped, and securities trading by those who misappropriate such information. (US Securities and Exchange Commission, 2013). As time progresses individuals and companies are in need of the most current information in order to execute trading strategies. Some individuals and organizations are willing to pay others for insider information or even steal material non-public information in order to gain an unfair advantage over others in the market. According to Donald Creesey\u27s fraud triangle it is believed that the likelihood that someone will commit fraud is increased when they are pressured to commit fraud, there is an opportunity to commit fraud, and they rationalize the need to commit fraud. If we understand what may lead to someone to commit illegal insider trading we will be able to understand how to reduce the risk of illegal insider trading. Based on professional experience with the protection of material non-public information and the surveillance of employee brokerage accounts, along with my academic experience in the Economic Crime Forensics program at La Salle University I will discuss the problems and costs that illegal insider trading has on society. Ultimately this capstone project will present a guide for companies to use to build a surveillance program that will protect their material non-public information from those who wish to use the information to gain an unfair advantage. I will also propose methods as to how to detect, investigate, and mitigate the risk of illegal insider trading

A parallel genetic algorithm for the Steiner Problem in Networks

This paper presents a parallel genetic algorithm to the Steiner Problem in Networks. Several previous papers have proposed the adoption of GAs and others metaheuristics to solve the SPN demonstrating the validity of their approaches. This work differs from them for two main reasons: the dimension and the characteristics of the networks adopted in the experiments and the aim from which it has been originated. The reason that aimed this work was namely to build a comparison term for validating deterministic and computationally inexpensive algorithms which can be used in practical engineering applications, such as the multicast transmission in the Internet. On the other hand, the large dimensions of our sample networks require the adoption of a parallel implementation of the Steiner GA, which is able to deal with such large problem instances

Leveraging Program Analysis to Reduce User-Perceived Latency in Mobile Applications

Reducing network latency in mobile applications is an effective way of improving the mobile user experience and has tangible economic benefits. This paper presents PALOMA, a novel client-centric technique for reducing the network latency by prefetching HTTP requests in Android apps. Our work leverages string analysis and callback control-flow analysis to automatically instrument apps using PALOMA's rigorous formulation of scenarios that address "what" and "when" to prefetch. PALOMA has been shown to incur significant runtime savings (several hundred milliseconds per prefetchable HTTP request), both when applied on a reusable evaluation benchmark we have developed and on real applicationsComment: ICSE 201

Foderförsörjning och välfärd i ekologisk grisköttproduktion

Foder i ekologisk produktion ska till huvuddelen vara hemmaproducerat. Begränsade möjligheter att använda tillgängliga foderresurser och fodertillsatser innebär svårigheter när det gäller att tillgodose djurets behov av livsnödvändiga aminosyror. Detta kan försämra produktionen och ger ett försämrat proteinutnyttjande med förluster av kväve till miljön som följd. En viktig del i ekologisk grisproduktion är att djuren kan utföra sina naturliga beteenden. Tillgången till grovfoder ger längre ättider och bidrar till minskad förekomst av aggressioner och stress. Hälsoläget hos grisar påverkas av inhysningsform och klimat och kan därför skilja mellan utomhus- och inomhusproduktion. Projekt Eko-gris syftar bl.a. till att undersöka hur lägre innehåll av aminosyror i fodret samt hur olika inhysningssystem påverkar slaktsvinens produktion, slaktkroppsegenskaper, köttkvalitet och grisarnas beteende. Vidare studeras förekomst av parasiter och infektionssjukdomar. Produktion och beteende påverkades inte av fodrets aminosyrainnehåll, men skiljde mellan ute- och innegrisar. Lägre aminosyranivå inverkade inte negativt på grisarnas dagliga viktökning. Varken foderutnyttjande eller slaktkroppskvalitet skiljde signifikant mellan grupperna. Inte heller påverkades grisarnas beteenden av fodrets aminosyranivå. Grisarna i utomhussystemet växte snabbare än inomhusgrisarna (910 mot 821 g; p<0,001), men ingen skillnad förelåg i foderutnyttjande (34,3 mot 35,5 MJ/kg viktökning; p=0,203). Inte heller fanns någon signifikant skillnad i slaktkroppens köttinnehåll (56,8 mot 57,9 %; p=0,134). Beteendestudierna visade att utomhusgrisarna rörde sig betydligt mer än inomhusgrisarna. Det fanns även en tendens till att de bökade mer. ”Nosa”, ”nafsa”, ”knuffa” och ”bita-svans” förekom oftare inne än ute

Entwicklung und öko-temporale Analyse von Ansätzen zur Regulierung von Flugfrequenzen

In dieser Arbeit werden Ansätze zur Regulierung von Flugfrequenzen (der Anzahl täglicher Flüge auf einer Strecke) nach ökologisch-ökonomisch-temporalen Kriterien analysiert. Dazu wird ein zweistufiges Modell zur Frequenzreduzierung (FRED) entwickelt und implementiert. Im ersten Schritt werden 8 alternative Frequenzregulierungsansätze abgebildet. Im zweiten Schritt werden den frequenzreduzierten Strecken, Flottenmixe unter Konstanthaltung der angebotenen Sitzplatzkapazität zugewiesen. Im Ergebnis sind durch den Einsatz größerer Flugzeuge bei weniger Flügen geringe (Flugzeugbetriebskosten, Kerosinverbrauch) bis nennenswerte (Verspätungen) Effizienzgewinne möglich, die durch Flugzeugtypenverfügbarkeit, Nachfragesaisonalitäten sowie regulatorische Risiken eingeschränkt werden

Primary to secondary organic aerosol: evolution of organic emissions from mobile combustion sources

A series of smog chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the transformation of primary organic aerosol (POA) and formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) during the photooxidation of dilute exhaust from a fleet of gasoline and diesel motor vehicles and two gas-turbine engines. In experiments where POA was present in the chamber at the onset of photooxidation, positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to determine separate POA and SOA factors from aerosol mass spectrometer data. A 2-factor solution, with one POA factor and one SOA factor, was sufficient to describe the organic aerosol for gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, and one of the gas-turbine engines. Experiments with the second gas-turbine engine required a 3-factor PMF solution with a POA factor and two SOA factors. Results from the PMF analysis were compared to the residual method for determining SOA and POA mass concentrations. The residual method apportioned a larger fraction of the organic aerosol mass as POA because it assumes that all mass at <i>m / z</i> 57 is associated with POA. The POA mass spectrum for the gasoline and diesel vehicles exhibited high abundances of the C_<i>n</i>H_2<i>n</i>+1 series of ions (<i>m / z</i> 43, 57, etc.) and was similar to the mass spectra of the hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol factor determined from ambient data sets with one exception, a diesel vehicle equipped with a diesel oxidation catalyst. POA mass spectra for the gas-turbine engines are enriched in the C_<i>n</i>H_{2<i>n</i>&minus;1} series of ions (<i>m / z</i> 41, 55, etc.), consistent with the composition of the lubricating oil used in these engines. The SOA formed from the three sources exhibits high abundances of <i>m / z</i> 44 and 43, indicative of mild oxidation. The SOA mass spectra are consistent with less-oxidized ambient SV-OOA (semivolatile oxygenated organic aerosols) and fall within the triangular region of <i>f</i>₄₄ versus <i>f</i>₄₃ defined by ambient measurements. However there is poor absolute agreement between the experimentally derived SOA mass spectra and ambient OOA factors, though this poor agreement should be expected based on the variability of ambient OOA factors. Van Krevelen analysis of the POA and SOA factors for gasoline and diesel experiments reveal slopes of −0.50 and −0.40, respectively. This suggests that the oxidation chemistry in these experiments is a combination of carboxylic acid and alcohol/peroxide formation, consistent with ambient oxidation chemistry

From sewage sludge ash to a recycled feed phosphate-digestibility of precipitated calcium phosphate in broiler chickens and growing pigs

Today, EU is largely (-92%) dependent on the import of phosphates as most mines are located outside Europe. Because of the limited availability, phosphorus (P) is included on the list of Critical Raw Materials. Precipitated calcium phosphate (PCP) recovered from sewage sludge ash is a novel and sus-tainable option to replace mined P as raw material in feed phosphates, e.g. monocalcium phosphate (MCP) or dicalcium phosphate, but the digestibility has not yet been tested in vivo. The aim was therefore to determine PCP and MCP apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of P in broiler chickens and apparent (ATTD) and true (TTTD) total tract digestibility of P in growing pigs. A chicken study comprised 240 Ross 308 chickens that were housed in groups of eight from day 21 to day 28. Five diets were used, a basal diet and two test diets, which contributed either 0.075% (low) or 0.150% (high) additional P for each of the test sources (MCP and PCP). The basal and test diets were composed to achieve increasing levels of P and AID was calculated with regression analysis. In the pig study, eight individually housed pigs were used in a change-over study with two experimental periods. The pigs were fed a basal P-free diet in a preperiod to be able to estimate endogenous P losses and then two different diets in two periods using a change-over design, where MCP and PCP were the only P source, providing in total 0.33 (basal diet), 4.42 (MCP) and 3.53 (PCP) g kg-1P, respectively. The AID of P in PCP and MCP for chickens was 58.4 and 75.1% (P = 0.166). The ATTD and TTTD of P in PCP for pigs were 58.4 and 67.2%, respectively, which was lower (P < 0.001) than the corresponding values for MCP (82.1 and 89.1%), respectively. The digestibility of calcium (Ca) did not differ in the chicken diets with high inclusion levels of PCP and MCP (54.7 and 55.3%, respectively, P = 0.535), but was lower for PCP than MCP in the pig study (57.8 and 70.8% respectively, P = 0.001). In conclusion, the digestibility of P in PCP for chickens did not differ from conventional MCP, whereas for pigs, it was lower, but could be a viable alternative to other common sources of P.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of The Animal Consortium. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)