Evaluation of metabolic status and milk compositions of indigenous cattle with subclinical mastitis and its amelioration by nutritional supplementations

Indigenous cattle that were in early lactation and positive for subclinical mastitis were allocated into 2 groups; one group was administered with nutrional supplements (50 g mixture of vitamins A, D, E and thiamine, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, biotin, niacin, trisodium citrate dihydrate, methionine, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt, selenium and live yeasts orally daily for 7 days), while other was kept as negative control. Milk composition of mastitic milk and metabolic status of affected cows were evaluated at day 0 and day 7 post-therapy. On day 0, remarkable alteration in milk composition as well as in metabolic status of affected animals was recorded in comparison to the healthy control. However, the altered nutrional panels as well as milk compositions were ameliorated toward normalcy at day 7 post-therapy in mastitic cows administered with nutrional supplements. At day 7 post-therapy, remarkable improvements in somatic cell count was also recorded in these cows when compared with day 0 values within the group, but the values were still significantly higher than the healthy control. Thus, subclinical mastitis in indigenous cattle could bestow remarkable alterations in milk compositions and metabolic status. The altered metabolic panels and milk compositions can be ameliorated toward normalcy by administering nutritional supplements

STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS (ARI) IN UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN LUCKNOW DISTRICT

Background: Childhood ARI/pneumonia is a significant public health problem in India, although robust epidemiological data is not available on its incidence. Mortality due to pneumonia accounts for approximately one-fourth of the total deaths in under five children, in India. Pneumonia affects children irrespective of socioeconomic status; with higher risk among young infants, malnourished children, non-exclusively breastfed children and those with exposure to solid fuel use. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of ARI in under five children and also determine the socio demographic factors responsible for the same in Lucknow District. Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was carried out in 260 under 5 children in urban area and rural area of Lucknow district during April 2013 to September 2013. Results: The overall prevalence of ARI in children was approximately 23%. Prevalence was higher in boys (36%) than in girls (10%). Children old between 3-5 years less likely suffered from ARI (3%) than children from other age groups. In social class IV and class V, prevalence of ARI was more in rural area (31.4%, 37.1%) as compare to urban area (32%, 16%). A direct correlation was found between immunization status of children and occurrence of ARI along with a significant correlation between timely initiation of breast feeding and decreased occurrence of ARI. Conclusion: The present study found poor nutritional status, low socio economic class, delay in initiation of breast feeding, prelactal feeding, and immunization status as significant risk factors for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) in under fives

An Overview-Effects of Covid 19 Pandemic on Climate Change in India

From a public health perspective, the spread of the COVID-19 virus has become a problem. The incredible rise in disease-related infection and death rates has brought the world to a standstill in dealing with its negative consequences. This has led to a global lockdown to prevent further spread of the virus. The blockade had a huge social and economic impact. However, it also has some positive effects on the environment, especially air quality, as many research institutes point to reduced nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide problems in major cities (PM) around the world. Ni#trogen dioxide emissions were reduced by 20-30% in China, Italy, France and Spain, while nitrogen dioxide emissions were reduced by 30% in the United States. Compared to last year, China's air quality improved by 11.4%. NO (-77.3%), NO2 (-54.3). Compared to five years per month, 3% and carbon monoxide (-64.8%) (Signs point to a decrease) content were found during Partial shutdown in Brazil. There are about -51.84, -53.11, -17 in India 97%, -52.68, -30.35, 0.78, and -12.33 reductions in PM10, PM2 concentrations. They are SO2, NO2, CO, O3 and NH3. This article focuses on the environmental impact of closures and also discusses air pollution before and after closures in major cities around the world. Various aspects of the environment were studied and evaluated, including air, water, noise and waste management before and after closure. Therefore, this research will serve as a guide for environmentalists, leaders, and frontline activists as they look for ways to beat this disease and reduce its long-term impact on health and the environment. Graphical Abstract