HAIR TONIC SHAMPOO FORMULATION WITH AMBON BANANA (MUSA ACUMINATA COLLA) CORM EXTRACT

Objective: Banana waste, especially corms, has potential as a source of haircare agents due to its active compound, anthraquinone, which is known to promote hair growth. This study aimed to assess preparations of hair tonic shampoo containing Musa acuminata Colla corm extract and evaluate their characteristics and stability. Methods: Three shampoo formulas were prepared containing 8%, 10%, and 12% corm extract. Physical stability tests were performed at high (60±2 °C) and room temperature (25±2 °C) for three weeks. The shampoo formulas were evaluated for their organoleptic properties (colour, form, and odour), homogeneity, pH, density, viscosity, rheology, foam height and stability, and surface tension. Results: The shampoo formulas with corm extract were white to yellowish-white, creamy, and smelled of banana, and were homogenous without precipitation. The formulas had a pH of 6.08–6.12, a density of 1.027–1.054 g/ml, foam height of 3.56–3.63 ml, the surface tension of 28.92–29.85 dyne/cm, viscosity of 16,000–120,000 cps and pseudoplastic flow properties. Conclusion: The natural hair tonic shampoo formulas prepared with M. acuminata corm have good characteristics

SKINCARE CREAM PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF PARE (MOMORDICA CHARANTIA) LEAVES USING THREE DIFFERENCE BASE

Objective: The purpose of this research is to make a skincare cream that contains bioactive from Momordica charantia leaves (MCL) using three kinds of base cream. Methods: The dried MCL made into powder shape and then extracted using 96% ethanol solvent. The liquid extract was evaporated using a vacuum evaporator until obtained by the viscous extract. The Momordica charantia leaves ethanol extract (MEE) with a concentration of 4.00% made into a cosmetic product used vanishing, cold, and hand and body cream as a base. Creams made by mixing the oil phase and water phase at 70 °C until cream mass formed, then added MEE at 40 °C. All the product creams were evaluated their physical and chemical characteristics and stability tested. Results: Cream of Momordica charantia leaf ethanol extract had semisolid form, yellowish color, the peculiar smell of Momordica charantia ethanol extract, homogeneous, pH 6.37-6.67, easily spread with spreading ability 2,081.21-2,835.43 mm2, has viscosity 125,000-18,0000 cps and stable 3 mo in a room and 60 °C temperature storage. Conclusion: Momordica charantia leaves can be made become a good cream for skincare cosmetics that more beneficial and profitable than as waste. This skincare creams using vanishing base cream, cold cream, and hand and body cream as base creams

ANTI-CHOLOSETEROL ACTIVITIES OF WHITE (RAPHANUS RAPHANISTRUM) AND RED (RAPHANUS SATIVUS) RADISH ROOTS

Objective: The purpose of this research is to explore the in vitro activities of white (Raphanus raphanistrum) and red (Raphanus sativus) radish root ethanol extract in decreasing cholesterol levels. Methods: Ultrasonification method was used in obtaining 96% ethanol extract of white and red radish root. The cholesterol levels were analyzed by visible spectrophotometry, which was validated using Lieberman-Buchard reagents. The decreased cholesterol levels were converted into IC50 values. Results: The results showed that the IC50 of 96% white and red radish root ethanol extracts were 743.7 and 634.7 µg/ml, respectively. The results of statistical analysis using the T-test obtained a significant value greater than the probability value (P) of 0.05. Conclusion: Therefore, it was concluded that the activities of 96% ethanol extract of white and red radish roots did not have a significant ability to reduce the in vitro cholesterol levels

Standardisasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Bahan Alam Propolis untuk Terapi Infeksi SARS-CoV2

Natural ingredients with immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities can be used as supportive therapy for SARS-CoV2 infection. The aims were standardized the quality and safety of propolis and determined the antioxidant activity of propolis. There are two types of propolis powder samples: microencapsulated propolis powder containing wax (SMPW) and non-waxed (SMP). Standardization includes specific and non-specific parameters. Antioxidant activity test using FRAP and ABTS methods. The total flavonoids of SMPW and SMP were 0.31% and 1.59%. The total phenolic of SMPW and SMP were 83.9082 and 98.0821 mg GAE/g. The losses on drying of SMPW and SMP were 3.65% and 3.88%. The water content of SMPW and SMP were 5.12% and 5.11%. The total ash content of SMPW and SMP were 0.80% and 0.65%. Heavy metal propolis powder negative. ALT and AKK values < 10 CFU/g, microbiology contamination was negative. Antioxidant activity of SMPW with IC50 ABTS 2.4177 ppm and EC50 FRAP 26.41 g/mL. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of SMP with IC50 ABTS 2.213 ppm and EC50 FRAP 32.10 g/mL. It was concluded that the extract of propolis met the requirements of the standard for extracts of natural ingredients and had strong antioxidant activity. Propolis powder can be developed for supportive therapy for SARS-CoV2 infection.Bahan alam dengan aktivitas imunomodulator, antiinflamasi, dan antioksidan dapat digunakan sebagai terapi suportif infeksi SARS-CoV2. Tujuan penelitian standardisasi mutu dan keamanan propolis sebagai bahan baku obat terapi suportif Covid-19 serta uji aktivitas propolis sebagai antioksidan. Sampel serbuk propolis terdiri dari dua jenis: serbuk mikroenkapsulasi propolis mengandung wax (SMPW) dan non wax (SMP). Standardisasi meliputi parameter spesifik dan non spesifik. Uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode FRAP dan ABTS. Kadar total flavonoid SMPW dan SMP sebesar 0,31% dan 1,59%. Kadar total fenolik SMPW dan SMP sebesar 83,9082 dan 98,0821 mg GAE/g. Susut pengeringan SMPW dan SMP sebesar 3,65% dan 3,88%. Kadar air SMPW dan SMP sebesar 5,12% dan 5,11%. Kadar abu total SMPW dan SMP sebesar 0,80% dan 0,65%. Logam berat serbuk propolis negatif. Nilai ALT dan AKK < 10 CFU/g, cemaran E. Coli, S. aureus, Salmonella spp dan P. aeruginusa negatif. Aktivitas antioksidan SMPW dengan IC50 ABTS 2,4177 bpj dan EC50 FRAP 26,41 μg/mL. Sedangkan, aktivitas antioksidan SMP dengan IC50 ABTS 2,213 bpj dan EC50 FRAP 32,10 μg/mL. Disimpulkan ekstrak bahan alam propolis memenuhi persyaratan standard ekstrak bahan alam dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat. Serbuk EBA propolis dapat dikembangkan menjadi bahan baku untuk OHT terapi suportif infeksi SARS-CoV2

Formulasi Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Etanol Buah Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.) dan Uji Aktifitas Antikolesterol secara In-vitro

Okra fruit has a flavonoid, phytosterol and pectin content, which is potential as an anticholesterol agent. The pharmacological activity of ethanol extract 70 % of okra fruit (EEOF) can be improved by forming nanoemulsion. This study aimed to prepare an ethanol extract 70 % and nanoemulsion of okra fruit and to prove the cholesterol inhibition in vitro EEOF is smaller than the nanoemulsion of EEOF. The okra fruit was extracted by kinetic maceration, the EEOF was analyzed by a phytochemical screening test and cholesterol inhibition assay in vitro using Liebermann-Burchard reagent. The anticholesterol activity was expressed as IC50 values. Nanoemulsion of EEOF prepared by spontaneous emulsification method using capmul, propylenglycol, glycerin (1 : 2.5 : 2 mL). The result of phytochemical screening of okra fruit simplicia and EEOF were contained flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, saponin, and coumarin. The resulting nanoemulsion has a 134.7 nm in diameter with a potential zeta value of -26.72 mV. EEOF has IC50 of 764.11 µg/mL and nanoemulsion of EEOF have IC50 of 712.50 µg/mL. Nanoemulsion can improve anticholesterol IC50 value because it was penetrated the gap between cells so that the delivery and bioavailability were higher.Buah okra kaya dengan kandungan senyawa flavonoid, phytosterol, pektin yang berkhasiat sebagai antikolesterol. Efektifitas farmakologi dari ekstrak etanol 70% buah okra (EEBO) dapat ditingkatkan dengan pembentukan nanoemulsi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat ekstrak etanol 70% dan nanoemulsi EEBO serta membuktikan penghambatan kolesterol secara in vitro EEBO lebih kecil dibandingkan bentuk nanoemulsi EEBO. Buah okra diekstraksi secara maserasi kinetik, dilakukan uji penapisan fitokimia, kemudian diuji penghambatan kolesterolnya secara in vitro dengan menggunakan pereaksi Lieberman Burchard. Nilai penghambatan kolesterol ditunjukkan dari nilai IC50. Nanoemulsi EEBO yang dibuat dengan metode emulsifikasi spontan menggunakan capmul (glyceryl caprylat), propilenglikol, gliserin dengan perbandingan (1: 2,5: 2 mL). Hasil penapisan fitokimia simplisia buah okra dan EEBO memiliki kandungan flavonoid, steroid, triterpenoid, saponin dan kumarin. Nanoemulsi yang dihasilkan memiliki diameter 134,7 nm dengan nilai zeta potensial yang memenuhi persyaratan yaitu -26,72 mV. Nilai IC50 EEBO dan nanoemulsi EEBO masing-masing sebesar 764,11 µg/mL dan 712,50 µg/mL. Terbukti metode nanoemulsi dapat meningkatkan nilai IC50 antikolesterol karena dapat menembus celah antar sel sehingga penghantaran dan ketersediaan hayatinya lebih tinggi

THE QUALITY PARAMETERS, TOTAL FLAVONOIDS DETERMINATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY COMPOUND OF ANDALIMAN FRUIT ANDALIMAN FRUIT (ZANTHOXYLUM ACANTHOPODIUM DC.) EXTRACT

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical compound of the antioxidant activity of the extract from andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) and the quality parameters and the total flavonoid determination of the highest antioxidant activity. Methods: The andaliman fruits were extracted using a solvent such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol obtained extracts, follow the antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The quality parameters and total flavonoid determination were performed from highest antioxidant activity. Fractionated was done using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) with the mobile phase chloroform-methanol (9:1 ~1:9). Purification with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) preparative, identification using UV-spectrophotometry, FTIR, Gas chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis. Results: The 70% of ethanol has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value 84.11±0.47 ppm; the quality parameters in this study meet the quality requirements, both specific and nonspecific parameters. Total flavonoid content of the 70% ethanol extract was 2.37±0.02%. The results of the GCMS studies showed the presence of 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester; squalene, methyl palmitate, methyl isopalmitate, n-tetracosanol-1 and 4-isopropyl chalcone. Conclusion: The results indicate that the 70% ethanol extracts of andaliman fruits contains 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester; squalene, methyl palmitate, methyl isopalmitate, n-tetracosanol-1 and 4-isopropyl chalcone have antioxidant activity with IC50 value 51.35 ppm

STABILITY OF ZOLEDRONATE GEL EMULSION IN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the physical stability and drug content of zoledronate (ZOL) gel emulsion in virgin coconut oil (VCO) as a newpharmaceutical product at 25°C as room temperature and 40°C as an accelerated temperature for a stability physics test.Methods: The ZOL gel emulsion comprises the following ingredients: 0.16% ZOL powder, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, 5% VCO, 0.44% sodiumbenzoate, and 0.009% antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene, and distilled water. Samples of this gel emulsion were stored for 1 month at 25°C and40°C, and the parameters used for stability tests were pH, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesive strength. The drug content was also evaluated with aspectrophotometer. The ZOL gel emulsion was evaluated against these metrics on days 1, 7, 14, and 28.Results: The results showed that ZOL pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesive strength, and drug content gel emulsion were clinically stable over 28 daysof storage at 25°C, whereas it was not stable when stored at 40°C for the same duration. pH value of ZOL gel emulsion significantly decreased at 28 days(p<0.05). Also for viscosity, adhesive strength, and drug content of ZOL gel emulsion showed statistically significant (p<0.05), except for spreadabilityvalue (p>0.05). The spreadability value between ZOL gel emulsion that stored at 25°C and at 40°C showed no significant result at 7 and 14 days (p>0.05).Conclusion: ZOL gel emulsion was stable at 25°C when stored for 28 days, suggesting that this is a suitable storage temperature at which its physicalstability and drug content can be maintained

DETERMINATION OF QUALITY PARAMETERS AND TEST ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF 70% ETHANOL EXTRACT OF SEROJA LEAVES (NELUMBO NUCIFERA GAERTN.)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluated the quality parameters and analyzed the antioxidant activity of seroja leaves Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Methods: The quantification of the chemical compound was determined by its total phenol and flavonoid levels. The evaluate the antioxidant activity was determined by the comparability of the four common radical scavenging assays using 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS); 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical; cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC); ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); and 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. Results: The results of phytochemical screening for simplicia powder and 70% ethanol extract of seroja leaves contain secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarin, quinones, and triterpenoid steroids. The results of the determination of the quality parameters meet the requirements of quality and safety standard of the medicinal herb. The result of the determination of total phenol content from 70% ethanol extract of Seroja leaves was 181.62±0.82 mg GAE/g extract. The results of the determination of total flavonoid levels from 70% ethanol extract of seroja leaves amounted to 289.83±1.04 mg QE/g extract. The results of antioxidant activity tests using the ABTS, DPPH, and TBA methods showed IC50 respectively 287.7 mg/l, 22.3 mg/l, and 352.6 mg/l and CUPRAC and FRAP methods had an antioxidant capacity of 160.76±0.35 and 253.36±0.48 mg AAE/g extract. Conclusion: Seroja leaves (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) have the potential to be used as an antioxidant medicinal herb and its extract meet the standard of quality control and safety

Formulation of Anti-Oral Mouthwash Nanoemulsion Biofilm Based on Propolis Extract Heterotrigona itama, Tetragonula sapiens, and Tetragonula clypearis

The use of mouthwash is one of the actions against biofilms that are often used. However, commercial mouthwashes have a fairly high alcohol content, which is around 26.9% of the total volume, which is considered to have a prolonged impact where high alcohol content in direct contact with the oral mucosa can cause lesions or abnormalities, resulting in a shift in the medical paradigm towards eco-friendly widely considered as a solution. Propolis with antibacterial ability was formulated using the nanoemulsion steps, which were initiated by separating pure propolis through drying, and then there were variations in the formulation of 3 types of bee propolis: Heterotrigona itama, Tetragonula sapiens, and Tetragonula clypearis along with the addition of Tween 80, propylene glycol, glycerin and then the effect on microbial growth of S. mutans was compared with antimicrobial agents in Brazilian propolis with the identification and comparison of the antibacterial activity stability of the organoleptic formula. Where the active ingredient content of propolis is the highest in H. itama propolis with a total flavonoid content of 38.94 mgQE/L sample and T. clypearis propolis has the lowest total flavonoid content of 14.23 mgQE/L sample with its function as an anti-oral biofilm agent by inhibiting the glucosyltransferase was proven with a minimum percentage of 49% inhibition of S. mutans and degradation of 18% with the use of a combined surfactant proved to be able to increase the stability of the preparation shown at 2:1 (v/v)

PELATIHAN VISUALISASI MOLEKUL KIMIA DENGAN SOFTWARE CHEMSKETCH UNTUK SISWA TINGKAT SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

Senior High School (SMA) has a very broad scientific scope, one of which is chemistry. In chemistry, it presents the processes, chemical notations, types, and arrangements of matter. Chemical processes can be written in a concise form, such as a reaction equation, without eliminating the microscopic and macroscopic aspects that occur in the chemical process. This equation for the reaction is a symbolic aspect of chemistry. All the substances involved in the equation of the reaction are also symbolic aspects of chemistry. In other words, chemical formulas, such as atomic symbols, element symbols, compound symbols or formulas, all of these are symbolic aspects of chemistry. This symbolic aspect is of great importance in chemistry. Training on the use of ChemSketch software is very important for high school students, especially science majors, as an enrichment for chemistry subjects and improves skills in presenting chemical data in order to improve the quality of graduates. ChemSketch software provides process symbols, chemical notations, types, arrangement of materials, and several image representations of various laboratory tools, which are quite easy to use. Training on the use of ChemSketch for SMA N 13 Depok students has been enthusiastically carried out online, the material is relevant to chemistry subject matter, easy to accept and the delivery of the material is quite interesting.Sekolah Menengah Tingkat Atas (SMA) memiliki ruang lingkup keilmuan yang sangat luas salah satunya ialah ilmu kimia. Di dalam ilmu kimia menyajikan proses, notasi-notasi kimia, jenis, dan susunan materi. Proses-proses kimia dapat dituliskan dalam bentuk yang ringkas, seperti persamaan reaksi, dengan tidak menghilangkan aspek mikroskopis dan makroskopis yang terjadi pada proses kimia tersebut. Persamaan reaksi ini merupakan aspek simbolis dalam kimia. Semua zat yang terlibat dalam persamaan reaksi juga merupakan aspek simbolik dari kimia. Dengan kata lain, rumus-rumus kimia, seperti lambang atom, lambang unsur, lambang atau rumus senyawa, semuanya ini merupakan aspek simbolis dari kimia.  Aspek simbolis ini merupakan hal penting dalam kimia. Pelatihan penggunaan software ChemSketch menjadi hal yang sangat penting dilakukan untuk siswa SMA khususnya jurusan IPA sebagai pengayaan pada mata pelajaran kimia dan meningkatkan skill dalam penyajian data kimia guna meningkatkan kualitas lulusan. Software ChemSketch menyajikan simbol–simbol proses, notasi-notasi kimia, susunan materi, dan beberapa penyajian gambar berbagai alat laboratorium, yang cukup mudah untuk digunakan. Pelatihan penggunaan ChemSketch untuk siswa SMA N 13 Depok telah dilaksanakan secara online dengan penuh antusias, materi relevan dengan materi pelajaran kimia, penyampaian materi mudah diterima dan cukup menarik