Comparative Study of Herbal Extract of Piper Nigrum, Piper Album and Piper Longum on Various Characteristics of Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol Microspheres

Bioenhancers are the ‘bioavailability enhancers’; they do not show any therapeutic effect, but when used in combination enhances the activity of drug molecule. In a cited research paper, the effect of various species of piper used as bioenhancer singly and in combination in an equal ratio. The methods used for preparation of microspheres are Complex Coacervation and Modified Emulsion Method. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for various parameters like in-vitro release, drug entrapment efficiency, percent bioadhesion, permeability study using intestinal sac method. The in-vitro drug release of drugs from formulations where Piper nigrum was used as bioenhancers was found to be about 66-70% in 12 hrs. when used singly. When bioenhancers used in combination the in-vitro drug release of drugs was increased up to 85-90% for combination of Piper album and Piper longum in an equal proportion, the same was about 35-40% in case of formulations where no bioenhancers was used. The microspheres found to be less than 130 micron in size. The DEE was found to be in the range of 27-67%. The bioadhesion of the microsphere were found to be 20-76% (increased in formulations where bioenhancers incorporated). The in- vitro release study by USP paddle apparatus, the important results from in-vitro release study relates to the very significant enhancement in drug release, due to presence of bioenhancers. Keywords: Microspheres, Bioenhancer, Piper nigrum, Piper album, Piper longum, Pyrazinamide, Ethambuto

EFFECT OF PIPER NIGRUM ON IN-VITRO RELEASE OF RIFAMPICIN MICROSPHERES

Tuberculosis therapy remains a challenge even today, mainly due to the problems of bacterial resistance, side effects and low patient compliance, associated with anti-tubercular drugs. A bioenhancer is an agent capable of enhancing bioavailability and bioefficacy of a particular drug with which it is combined, without any typical pharmacological activity of its own at the dose used. Microspheres are one of the multiparticulate drug delivery systems prepared to obtain prolonged drug delivery, to improve its bioavailability or stability and to target drug to specific sites. Rifampicin is an important component of fixed dose combination used in first line therapy of tuberculosis. In the present study, we attempted an innovative approach to overcome the above-mentioned problems of tuberculosis therapy by combining both these approaches of microspheres and bioenhancers. Small amount of herbal extract of Piper nigrum were incorporated as a bioenhancer in variable amount for each dose of rifampicin.The drug loading efficiency and in-vitro release behavior of loaded microspheres were found to be satisfactory. Prolonged release of the drug from the microspheres was demonstrated in a simulated intestinal fluid. In-vitro release of rifampicin from the microspheres containing variable fractions of bioenhancer showed significant increase in release profile i.e. 80.24 and 86.16percent in formulation containing bioenhancer against 44.54percent for the formulation without bioenhancer prepared by complex coacervation method. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Microspheres, Drug release, Bioenhancer, Rifampicin, Piper nigru

TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF SNAKE GOURD, REETHA AND SHIKA KAI HERBAL ANTI-DANDRUFF SHAMPOO AND COMPARISON WITH MARKETED SHAMPOOS

Reetha and shika kai possess the anti-dandruff activity; the present study involves studying the effect of reetha, shika kai and snake gourd onthe anti-dandruff activity. This work reveals the potency of each herbs anti-dandruff activity and it change in anti-dandruff action when theyare used in combination with each other in a different concentration. These works conclude, in the formulation of good anti-dandruff shampoo,does individual herbs are enough to formulate shampoo or are there necessary to be use the herbs in a combination to get better effect. In thepresent study effort also taken to compare the formulated preparation with the marketed preparation, so as to get an idea about impact of herbsanti-dandruff activity. Already many scientific study reveals that, usage of alkalonamides in many synthetic shampoos are the carcinogenic andhave some side-effects so, in the present work effort has been taken to eliminate alknolanamide containing ingredients to formulate the naturalanti-dandruff shampoo.Keywords: Anti-dandruff, Reetha, Shika kai, Snake gourd

Design, Development And Validation Of Ana-lytical Method For Amlodipine-copper Complex Using Uv –Vis Spectrophotometry

To develop spectrophotometric method for the determination of amlodipine besylate by forming complex with copper ion. Secondly, to develop a method that would be an easy, economical and accurate method as compared to other processes. The materials used were of laboratory grade and the method used was complexation with the potent API (Amlodipine besylate). The results showed that the complex was developed by using acetate buffer pH4.7 in a fixed ratio (1:1.25) with copper sulphate. Thus, it was concluded that the complex formation with copper reduced the photolytic degradation as observed in the bulk analysis of amlodipine by using UV Vis spectrophotometry. The developed method was found to be simple, accurate and economical for routine analysis