Knowledge and beliefs of endocrine disruptors in pediatrics: all hands on deck!

Endocrine disruptors (ED) are ubiquitous pollutants, possibly implicated in chronic disease. Exposure of vulnerable populations; including neonates, infants and children; must therefore be limited. Informing parents is now a public health challenge. We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study at the Lyon Mother and child Hospital. We used questionnaires to assess the beliefs and knowledge about ED of parents and pediatric healthcare professionals in the pediatric ward in Lyon, France. A total of 746 questionnaires were completed: 444 for professionals and 302 for parents. The majority of both populations had already heard of ED but only 10% of parents and 5% of professionals felt sufficiently informed. Professionals answered better than parents (73% vs. 60%). The main source of information was similar: media. Only 20% of professionals had read a scientific article about ED and 4% have followed a training. Environmental exposure and EDs is an increasing concern for parents but specific knowledge remains scare for parents and professionals. Specific training is needed

Neural Correlates of Contrast and Humor: Processing Common Features of Verbal Irony

International audienceIrony is a kind of figurative language used by a speaker to say something that contrasts with the context and, to some extent, lends humor to a situation. However, little is known about the brain regions that specifically support the processing of these two common features of irony. The present study had two main aims: (i) investigate the neural basis of irony processing, by delivering short ironic spoken sentences (and their literal counterparts) to participants undergoing fMRI; and (ii) assess the neural effect of two irony parameters, obtained from normative studies: degree of contrast and humor appreciation. Results revealed activation of the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), posterior part of the left superior temporal gyrus, medial frontal cortex, and left caudate during irony processing, suggesting the involvement of both semantic and theory-of-mind networks. Parametric models showed that contrast was specifically associated with the activation of bilateral frontal and subcortical areas, and that these regions were also sensitive to humor, as shown by a conjunction analysis. Activation of the bilateral IFG is consistent with the literature on humor processing, and reflects incongruity detection/resolution processes. Moreover, the activation of subcortical structures can be related to the reward processing of social events

Anesthesia practices for management of labor pain and cesarean delivery in France (EPIDOL): A cross-sectional survey

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Activation for the Irony > Literal comparison.

<p><i>p</i> < 0.001 uncorrected, k = 20 voxels. Differences were observed in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, lingual gyrus caudate, and bilateral medial superior frontal gyrus.</p

Behavioral data per participants and per items.

<p>Behavioral data per participants and per items.</p

Activation for the Contrast (blue) and Humor (green) effects.

<p><i>p</i> < 0.001 uncorrected, k = 20 voxels. Common activations were localized in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and left caudate.</p

Examples of the Two-Sentence Stories.

<p>Examples of the Two-Sentence Stories.</p

Scatterplot of contrast and humor degrees showing the linear (dash line) and quadratic (solid line) relationships.

<p>Scatterplot of contrast and humor degrees showing the linear (dash line) and quadratic (solid line) relationships.</p

Whole-Brain Activation for Contrast and Humor.

<p>Whole-Brain Activation for Contrast and Humor.</p