Avaliação de protocolos hormonais de seis, nove e doze dias sobre o estro, ovulação e fertilidade de cabras da raça Toggenburg em anestro.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as taxas de ovulação e gestação, após o uso de dispositivos intraginais de progesterona (CIDR) 6, 9 e 12 dias, em cabras em anestro. Os animais (n=51) utilizados, foram distribuídos homogeneamente em dois grupos. Cada grupo era composto or 3 tratamentos , T1 o CIDR permaneceu por seis dias; T2 nove dias com o CIDR e T3 seis dias com o CIDR. As cabras receberam uma dose de 10 mg de dinoprost no dia de inserção do implante e 200 IU de eCG 24 horas antes da retirada do CIDR. As fêmeas no G1 foram cobertas naturalmente e no G2 as fêmeas foram inseminadas em tempo fixo. O período entre o início do estro e a ovulação no G1 foi de 23,3 ± 4,08 horas e de 15,47 ± 4,08 horas no G2. A percentagem de animais que ovularam foi de 100% no G1 e no G2 foi de 85%, 71% e 71% para T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente, mas não foi observado diferença (p=0,05) entre os tratamentos A taxa de gestação no G1 foi de 60%, 70% e 40% para T1, T2e T3, respectivamente, no G2, 50%, 80 % e 60% para T1, T2 e T3, respectivamente, sem haver diferenças entre os tratamentos e entre os grupos. A indução e a sincronização de estro em cabras com CIDR no período de anestro, independente do tempo de exposição a progesterona resulta em uma boa fertilidade, tanto na monta natural quanto também na IATF. Efectos del protocolos hormonales del seis, nueve o doce días sobre celo, la ovulación y la fertilidad en las cabras Toggenburg en anestrous estacionales. Abstract -The aim of the study was to evaluate the rates of ovulation and pregnancy, after the use of controlled internal drug release device impregnated with progesterone (CIDR) 6, 9 and 12 days, in anoestrus season. Animals (n=51) were used, distributed homogeneously into 2 groups (G1 = 30 animals and G2 = 21 animals). Each group had 3 treatments, T1 remained 6 days with CIDR®; treatment T2 9 days with CIDR and T3 6 days with CIDR. The goats received dose of 10 mg of dinoprost on the insertion of the device in 200 IU of eCG 24 hours before the removal of CIDR. The method of mating was covered by natural insemination in G1 and AIFT in G2. The period that includes the start of estrus to ovulation was in G1 23.3 ± 4.08 hours and 15.47 ± 4.08 hours to G2. The percentage of animals that had ovulation was 100% in G1 and G2, 85%, 71% and 71% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, But there was no significant difference (p=0.05) between treatments. The pregnancies of G1 had 60%, 70% and 40% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively in G2, 50%, 80 % and 60% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively, with no statistical difference between treatments and between groups. The induction and synchrony of estrus in goats with CIDR in the period of anoestrus season, independent of the time of exposure to P4 result in good fertility, natural mated and in AIFT

Post-graduate medical education in public health: The case of Italy and a call for action

Public health technical expertise is of crucial importance to inform decision makers\u2019 action in the field of health and its broader determinants. Improving education and training of public health professionals for both practice and research is the starting point to strengthen the role of public health so that current health challenges can be efficiently tackled. At the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) Deans\u2019 & Directors\u2019 2017 Annual Retreat, we presented the structure and management of public health training system in Italy, and we reported recent data on Italian public health specialists\u2019 educational experience, employment opportunities and job satisfaction. Public health training in Italy is implemented in the context of the post-graduate medical education residency programme in Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, delivered by 34 University-based Schools of Public Health. We report relatively high employment rates across the county and wide spectrum of career opportunities for young public health specialists. However, job security is low and training expectations only partially met. We call upon other Schools of Public Health to scale up the survey within the broad ASPHER community in a shared and coordinated action of systematically collecting useful data that can inform the development of public health education and training models, their implementation and fruitful interaction with population health, health systems and services

A review of the current treatment methods for posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus of infants

Posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is a major problem for premature infants, generally requiring lifelong care. It results from small blood clots inducing scarring within CSF channels impeding CSF circulation. Transforming growth factor – beta is released into CSF and cytokines stimulate deposition of extracellular matrix proteins which potentially obstruct CSF pathways. Prolonged raised pressures and free radical damage incur poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. The most common treatment involves permanent ventricular shunting with all its risks and consequences