10 research outputs found
Correction to: ReCiPe2016: a harmonised life cycle impact assessment method at midpoint and endpoint level. (Int J Life Cycle Assess, (2017), 22, (138-147)
ReCiPe 2016 : Een geharmoniseerde levenscyclus impact assessment methode op 'midpoint' en 'endpoint' niveau Rapport 1: karakterisatie
alleen digitaal verschenenMet een zogeheten levenscyclusanalyse (LCA) is het mogelijk om te bepalen in welke mate een productieproces van een product het milieu belast. De analyse omvat alle stadia die nodig zijn om een product te produceren en te gebruiken, dus vanaf het onttrekken van de benodigde grondstoffen tot en met de verwerking van afval. Het doel van een LCA is bijvoorbeeld om alternatieven te vergelijken, of om stappen in het productieproces die een grote milieuschade veroorzaken in kaart te brengen. Op basis van deze kennis kan het productieproces worden geoptimaliseerd. Binnen LCA worden 'levenscyclus-impactassessments' (LCIA) gebruikt om de milieubelasting te bepalen. Het RIVM presenteert een nieuwe, herziene versie van het zowel in Nederland als Europa veelgebruikte levenscyclus-impactassessment ReCiPe: ReCiPe 2016. De methodiek en data zijn hierin aangepast aan de huidige wetenschappelijke stand van zaken. Een LCIA levert een soort milieuprofiel op: een 'scorelijst' met milieueffecten, zoals klimaatverandering, waterverbruik en -schaarste, landgebruik en bodemverzuring. Aan het milieuprofiel is te zien welke milieuaspecten slecht scoren in de levenscyclus van een product of dienst en welke onderdelen in de levenscyclus de grootste bijdrage leveren aan de verschillende milieueffecten. De ReCiPe-methode is in 2008 ontwikkeld door een samenwerkingsverband tussen RIVM, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, Leiden Universiteit en Pré Consultants.Life cycle assessment (LCA) enables the assessment of the pressure a certain (production) process places on the environment. The assessment comprises all phases needed to produce and use a product, from the initial development to the treatment of waste (the total life cycle). The goal of LCA is, for example, to compare alternatives or to identify phases in the production process that place a relatively high level of pressure on the environment. Based on this knowledge, production processes can be optimized. Within LCA, 'life cycle impact models' (LCIA) are used to estimate the environmental impact. The RIVM is presenting a new, updated version of the life cycle impact (LCIA)-model ReCiPe often used in the Netherlands and Europe. It's called the ReCiPe 2016. The methodologies and data used in the new model are up to date with the current scientific knowledge. A life cycle impact assessment results in an 'environmental profile': a score list with different environmental effects, such as climate change, water use, land use and soil acidification. This list provides information about the environmental effects that score relatively well or poorly within the life cycle of a product and about the phases in the life cycle that contribute most to the different environmental effects. The ReCiPe method was first developed in 2008 through cooperation between RIVM, Radboud University Nijmegen, Leiden University and Pré Consultants.Ministerie van I&
ReCiPe 2016 : A harmonized life cycle impact assessment method at midpoint and endpoint level Report I: Characterization
alleen digitaal verschene
Spatial and technological variability in the carbon footprint of durum wheat production in Iran
Review of the Impacts on Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Land-Use Changes Induced by Non-food Biomass Production
The recent development of biomass production for energy purposes hasspurred interest in the effects of the land-use changes (LUC) it triggers worldwide,and a surge in the number of scientific articles dealing with this topic. The processesleading from increased biomass demand to environmental impacts in relation to LUCmay be analyzed as a three-step causal chain starting with the identification of reorganizationof agricultural and forestry systems, the assessment of LUC occurring inresponse to these drivers, and the associated environmental impacts. Here we set outto review the impacts of land-use changes induced by non-food biomass productionon greenhouse gases emissions. The selected body of 162 articles displays the followingsalient features: most articles deal with LUC triggered by biofuel production, thepredominant direct LUCs are forest or grassland conversions into annual or perennialcrops, and annual crops conversion into perennial crops; and while Europe and NorthAmerica come first in terms of direct LUC location, a large number of articles alsodeal with direct LUCs occurring in South America and Asia. We show that peerreviewedliterature does not sign a blank check to non-food biomass. The number ofarticles evidencing a net reduction in GHG emissions following a diversion of food/feed crops towards non-food products is only 50% higher than the number of articlesdrawing opposite conclusions. As the LUC-related carbon intensity of biofuelsstrongly depends on where the feedstock is grown and which land-use it replaces, weinvestigated whether specific land-use change patterns can be tied to certain types offeedstocks. Contrary to our expectations, direct forest and grassland conversion issignificantly less often considered for second generation feedstocks or wood