FDG PET-CT demonstration of metastatic neuroendocrine tumor of prostate

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: FDG PET-CT is generally not suitable for diagnosing prostate cancer because of low glycolysis of the tumor cells. Neuroendocrine differentiation of the prostate cancer is often associated with early visceral metastasis and dismal prognosis, which is resulted from changed metabolic and regulatory pathways. Case presentation: A case is reported in this paper that FDG PET-CT demonstrates intense uptake of neuroendocrine tumor of the prostate and multiple metastases. Conclusion: There is high glycolysis and strong FDG-avidity of neuroendocrine tumor of the prostate, which is similar to that of high grade of neuroendocrine tumor in other tissue and organs. In some selected cases of prostate neuroendocrine cancer, whole body FDG PET-CT may be helpful for detection of metastatic disease. Background Positron emission tomography (PET) is a new imaging modality which has been widely used for detection o

Proline-rich antimicrobial peptide, PR-39 gene transduction altered invasive activity and actin structure in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

PR-39 is an endogenous proline-rich antimicrobial peptide which induces the synthesis of syndecan-1, a transmembrane heparan sulphate proteoglycan involved in cell-to-matrix interactions and wound healing. Previously, we revealed that the expression of syndecan-1 was reduced in human hepatocellular carcinomas with high metastatic potential and speculated that syndecan-1 played an important role in inhibition of invasion and metastasis. It is assumed that a modification of this process with PR-39 and syndecan-1 may result in a new strategy by which it can inhibit the invasion and metastasis. Therefore, we transduced a gene of PR-39 into human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HLF, which shows a low expression of syndecan-1 and a high in vitro invasive activity, and examined whether this procedure could reduce the invasive activity of tumour cells. In two transfectants with PR-39 gene, the syndecan-1 expression was induced and the invasive activity in type I collagen-coated chamber was inhibited. Moreover, these transfectants showed the suppression of motile activity assayed by phagokinetic tracks in addition to the disorganization of actin filaments observed by a confocal imaging system. In contrast, five transfectants with syndecan-1 gene in the HLF cells revealed suppression of invasive activity but did not alter the motile activity and actin structures of the cell. These results suggest that PR-39 has functions involved in the suppression of motile activity and alteration of actin structure on human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in addition to the suppression of invasive activity which might result from the induction of syndecan-1 expression. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor-based targeting using bombesin analogues is superior to metabolism-based targeting using choline for in vivo imaging of human prostate cancer xenografts

Purpose: Prostate cancer (PC) is a major health problem. Overexpression of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in PC, but not in the hyperplastic prostate, provides a promising target for staging and monitoring of PC. Based on the assumption that cancer cells have increased metabolic activity, metabolism-based tracers are also being used for PC imaging. We compared GRPR-based targeting using the68Ga-labelled bombesin analogue AMBA with metabolism-based tar

Poorly controlled diabetes increases the risk of metastases and castration‐resistant prostate cancer in men undergoing radical prostatectomy: Results from the SEARCH database

BackgroundAlthough diabetes is inversely related to prostate cancer (PC) risk, to the authors' knowledge the impact of glycemic control on PC progression is unknown. In the current study, the authors tested the association between hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and long-term PC outcomes among diabetic men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsThe authors retrospectively reviewed data regarding men undergoing RP from 2000 to 2017 at 8 Veterans Affairs hospitals. Diabetic patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes (250.x) or by an HbA1c value >6.5% at any time before RP. Cox models tested the association between HbA1c and biochemical disease recurrence (BCR), castration-resistant PC (CRPC), metastases, PC-specific mortality, and all-cause mortality. The model for BCR was adjusted for multiple variables. Due to limited events, models for long-term outcomes were adjusted for biopsy grade and prostate-specific antigen only.ResultsA total of 1409 men comprised the study population. Of these, 699 patients (50%) had an HbA1c value <6.5%, 631 (45%) had an HbA1c value of 6.5% to 7.9%, and 79 (6%) had an HbA1c value ≥8.0%. Men with an HbA1c value ≥8.0% were younger (P < .001) and more likely to be black (P = .013). The median follow-up after RP was 6.8 years (interquartile range, 3.7-10.6 years). On multivariable analysis, HbA1c was not found to be associated with BCR. However, a higher HbA1c value was associated with metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.44 [P = .031]) and CRPC (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.03-1.56 [P = .023]). Although not statistically significant, there were trends between higher HbA1c and risk of PC-specific mortality (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.99-1.56 [P = .067]) and all-cause mortality (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.99-1.19 [P = .058]).ConclusionsAmong diabetic men undergoing RP, a higher HbA1c value was associated with metastases and CRPC. If validated in larger studies with longer follow-up, future research should test whether better glycemic control improves long-term PC outcomes