Mammalian sex determination—insights from humans and mice

Disorders of sex development (DSD) are congenital conditions in which the development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Many of the genes required for gonad development have been identified by analysis of DSD patients. However, the use of knockout and transgenic mouse strains have contributed enormously to the study of gonad gene function and interactions within the development network. Although the genetic basis of mammalian sex determination and differentiation has advanced considerably in recent years, a majority of 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis patients still cannot be provided with an accurate diagnosis. Some of these unexplained DSD cases may be due to mutations in novel DSD genes or genomic rearrangements affecting regulatory regions that lead to atypical gene expression. Here, we review our current knowledge of mammalian sex determination drawing on insights from human DSD patients and mouse models

Evangélicos no Brasil: perfil socioeconômico, afinidades ideológicas e determinantes do comportamento eleitoral

O artigo estuda as características socioeconômicas, opiniões e preferências dos evangélicos no Brasil. Os dados mostram uma forte tendência deste grupo a opiniões mais conservadoras, comparado a outros grupos religiosos. O artigo utiliza os dados do ESEB 2002.<br>The article analyses the socioeconomic aspects, opinions and political preferences of the evangelics in Brazil. The data show in this group a strong tendency to more conservative opinions, compared to other religions groups. The data come from the 2002 Brazilian Electoral Study