Effects of fish wheels on fall chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta): non-esterified fatty acids and plasma indices of stress

Thesis (M.S.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2003The effect of tagging and capture on plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, lactate, chloride, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in chum salmon was investigated. Adult chum salmon were captured in August-September 2000 and 2001 with a fish wheel on the lower Kantishna River. Tagged and untagged fish were subsequently captured on the lower Toklat River and sampled for blood. Tagged fish (males and females) at the Toklat recovery fish wheels had lower (P <0.04) plasma cortisol concentrations than untagged fish. Glucose concentrations were lower (P = 0.03) in tagged than untagged males but did not differ between tagged and untagged females. Lactate and chloride concentrations did not differ between tagged and untagged fish. Tagged chum salmon captured at the Toklat River recovery wheels had lower concentrations of NEFA (P = 0.02). Taken together, these results suggest there is a metabolic cost from capture and tagging using fish wheels

Main Street 2.0: A Guide To Online And Social Media Marketing For Small Business Through The Use Of Online Analytics And Content Marketing Strategies

This project is intended to serve as a guidebook for small businesses interested in developing digital marketing strategies to reach prospective and existing customers online. The guide will serve three main functions. The first is to provide a review of literature on integrated marketing communications, relationship marketing and content marketing to use as a foundation for planning online communications. Business owner interviews will also provide various perspectives to small business online marketing. The second is to provide instruction on evaluating existing website data to gain customer insight in planning communications. The third is a network structure for distributing content through multiple online platforms. The guidebook will assess data from small businesses in a university community as well as provide suggestions for developing an efficient and effective content distribution model using open-source content management tools

High prevalence of TB disease in contacts of adults with extrapulmonary TB

UK guidelines no longer recommend routine screening of household contacts of adult patients with extrapulmonary TB (EPTB). From 27 March 2012 to 28 June 2016, we investigated the prevalence of active TB disease in household contacts of 1023 EPTB index cases in North West England, and compared estimates with: published new entrant migrant screening programme prevalence (~147/100 000 person-years); London-based contact screening data (700/100 000 contacts screened); and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) new entrant TB screening thresholds (TB prevalence >40/100 000 people). Active TB disease prevalence in EPTB contacts was 440/100 000 contacts screened, similar to UK new entrant screening programmes, London EPTB contact prevalence and >10 times NICE’s threshold for new entrant screening. The decision to no longer recommend routine screening of EPTB contacts should be re-evaluated and cost-effectiveness analyses of screening strategies for EPTB contacts should be performed

Pride and Profit: Geographical Indications as Regional Development Tools in Australia

Geographical Indications (GIs) are intellectual property rights in placenames that evoke the typical qualities of agricultural products and foodstuffs that originate in particular districts. Presently, the EU is the dominant holder of protected GIs and the EU asserts that they are used extensively and effectively in EU countries as a rural and regional development tool. To date, Australia's response to GIs has largely been driven by perceptions of their impact upon trade gains and losses. Currently, Australia only has legal protection for wine-related GI's because of an agreement with the EU. Given an increased focus on GIs internationally, particularly in China and India, we raise the question of whether Australia should more deeply consider a special regime for the legal protection of GIs in relation to agricultural products and foodstuffs more generally, something that has not been investigated to date because of Australia's negative attitude towards GI protection in international trade negotiations. This paper sets out the challenges and opportunities of considering GI development against the backdrop of Australia's regional, rural and remote diversit

Social value reporting:Rebalancing legitimacy in credit unions

Credit unions are co-operative non-profit organisations which serve the financial needs of their members, many of whom may have had difficulty accessing credit from the traditional banking sector. Since the establishment of the first credit union in Ireland in 1958, the credit union movement has become synonymous with a positive impact on the local communities that they serve in the form of a multitude of benefits provided, chiefly through their promotion of thrift and provision of finance, but also through sponsorships and academic scholarships for specific groups. In essence, credit unions have become trusted partners within their localities, thereby generating and sustaining a degree of moral legitimacy – societal approval of the organisation, based on the desirability of what it stands for. Of course, to do so, a credit union must also be economically viable.However, as with all financial institutions, credit unions must operate within the terms of the financial regulations and laws imposed by the relevant authorities in the jurisdiction(s) in which they exist. These rules, regulations and laws provide the regulatory basis, under which credit unions are entitled to operate. Many of these rules and regulations presume that the societal legitimacy of financial institutions is transactional - i.e. their legitimacy is based on the provision of financial services at a price, such as an interest rate, to cover the risks of these transactions. Consequently, these rules and regulations aim to minimise these risks, and tend to ignore sources of legitimacy other than the pragmatic legitimacy of economic exchange.While it is acknowledged that regulation is necessary, recently there is a perception that rules and regulations have increased to such an extent that many credit unions view them as overly restrictive. Consequently, based upon the time and effort required to satisfy the current reporting regime, many within the sector feel that credit unions may have lost sight of their moral legitimacy in their attempts to satisfy their regulatory legitimacy.In an effort to rebalance their legitimacy, a small number of credit unions in Ireland and the United Kingdom have recently started to voluntarily report upon their social impact/value. This form of social value reporting is seen as an attempt by such credit unions to demonstrate their unique contribution to society in a form not currently being dominated by prevailing assumptions about the pragmatic and transactional basis for the existence of such financial firms. By interviewing in excess of twenty individuals with an interest in this sector, including credit union managers, a government minister, representative body officials and consultants, this report attempts to shed some light on the efforts of those in this area to bring greater attention to the moral legitimacy of the credit union movement.Our findings suggest that current attempts to highlight the moral imperative of the credit union movement using social value reporting are primarily aimed at their members and society in general. However, by increasing awareness amongst this cohort, it is hoped that over time, others, including the political establishment and regulator, may recognise the unique social value/impact generated by the credit union movement, and may ultimately reconsider the regulatory requirements imposed on this sector