A Quantitative Analysis of a Probiotic Storage Media for Avulsed Teeth

Svrha istraživanja bila je u uvjetima in vitro ispitati potencijal različitih medija za pohranu izbijenog zuba kao što je, primjerice, probiotski jogurt (Bifidibacterium animalis DN 173010) u usporedbi s Hankovom slanom otopinom (HBSS), fiziološkom otopinom i mlijekom te ocijeniti njihov potencijal u održavanju vitalnosti stanica parodontnog ligamenta (PDL). Materijali i metode: Trideset i šest jednokorijenskih ekstrahiranih zuba sa zatvorenim korijenima podijeljeno je u šest eksperimentalnih grupa (N = 6). Izvađeni su atraumatski i isprani fiziološkom otopinom kako bi se uklonila zaostala krv. Nakon ekstrakcije sa svakog zuba uklonjena su tri milimetra koronalnog dijela stanica parodontnog ligamenta kako bi se uklonile potencijalno oštećene stanice. Pozitivna i negativna kontrola obavljene su odmah te ponovno nakon osmosatnog sušenja. Nakon ekstrakcije uzorci u pozitivnoj kontroli odmah su tretirani dispazom i kolagenazom. Uzorci u negativnoj kontroli osušeni su i ostavljeni osam sati te su nakon toga tretirani dispazom i kolagenazom, bez prethodnog tretiranja određenom otopinom. Broj vitalnih PDL stanica prebrojen je svjetlosnim mikroskopom s pomoću hemocitometra (20 x povećanje). Rezultati su analizirani nanoparametrijskom ANOVA-om te Kruskal-Wallisovim i Dunnovim testom višestruke usporedbe. Rezultati: U pozitivnoj kontroli zabilježeni su znatno bolji rezultati negoli u ostalim skupinama. Uočena je statistički značajna razlika između pozitivne kontrole i ostalih testiranih grupa (p = 0,000). Zubi pohranjeni u otopini imali su u pozitivnoj kontroli najviše vitalnih PDL stanica, a zatim slijede stanice pohranjene u jogurtu, HDSS-u, fiziološkoj otopini i mlijeku. Zaključak: Bifidibacterium animalis DN 173010 dobra je alternativa za privremeno pohranjivanje izbijenih zuba zbog mnoštva vitalnih PDL stanica. Probiotici su se pokazali kao medij pogodan za transport izbijenih zuba, ali je potrebno daljnje istraživanje kako bi se odredili komercijalno dostupni proizvodi za pohranu takvih zuba.Aim: The aim of the present in vitro study was to investigate the potential of a storage medium, probiotic yogurt (Bifidibacterium animalis DN 173010) in comparison with Hank’s balanced salt solution (HBSS), saline and milk in maintaining viable periodontal ligament (PDL) cells on simulated avulsed teeth. Materials and methods: Thirty-six freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth with closed apices were divided into six experimental groups (N=6). The teeth were extracted as atraumatically as possible and washed in sterile saline solution to eliminate residual blood. Following extractions, the coronal 3 mm of PDL tissues were scraped with a #15 scalpel to remove cells that may have been damaged. The positive and negative controls corresponded to 0 minutes and an 8-hour dry time, respectively. After extraction, the positive control teeth were immediately treated with dispase and collagenase. The negative control teeth were bench-dried for 8 h, with no follow-up storage solution time, and then placed in the dispase and collagenase. The number of viable protective least significant difference PDL cells were counted under a light microscope with a hemocytometer at 20x magnification and analyzed. Statistical analysis of the data was accomplished using Nonparametric ANOVA complemented by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Dunn’s Multiple Comparisons Test. Results: Positive control was found to be significantly better than the others, there were statistically significant differences between positive control and other test groups (p=0.000). The teeth stored in positive control demonstrated the highest number of viable PDL cells followed in order by probiotic yogurt, HBSS, saline and milk. Conclusion: Bifidibacterium animalis DN 173010 seems to be an alternative for the temporary storage of avulsed teeth, due to high number of viable PDL cells. Probiotics may be suitable transport media for avulsed teeth, but further research is warranted using the commercially available products

AN UNUSUAL LOCATION OF BASAL CELL CARCINOMA: THE CLITORIS AND THE VULVA

Vulvar basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is rare, accounting for less than 5% of all vulvar neoplasms and less than 1% of all BCCs. Vulvar BCCs are usually diagnosed late because they are often asymptomatic and tend to grow at slow rates. They may be invasive and destructive if neglected or improperly treated. Nevertheless, they have a very low propensity for metastatic spread, but frequently recur after simple excision. We report a 78 year-old woman presenting with the complaint of painful vulvar ulceration and vaginal bleeding. The physical examination revealed a 3 × 2 cm indurated nodulo-ulcerative lesion involving the clitoris, both labia minora and left labium majus. The histopathology was consistent with the “solid type BCC” that invaded the subcutaneous tissue without lymph node metastasis. The patient underwent wide local excision with clitoral amputation and remained disease free at post-surgical follow-up after 18 months

Nonleukemic Ureteral Granulocytic Sarcoma Presenting with Unilateral Urinary Obstruction and Hematuria

Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor which is composed of myeloblasts and immature myeloid cells. It usually occurs in association with acute myeloid leukemia and most commonly involves skin, soft tissue, lymph nodes, bone, and periosteum. We report a case of isolated ureteral granulocytic sarcoma without hematologic manifestations. Our patient presented with bloody urine and left-sided lumbar pain. Preoperative clinical and radiologic features raised the suspicion of an upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma, and he was scheduled for nephroureterectomy. However, perioperative pathologic feedback and the unusual endoscopic appearance of the tumor altered our surgical strategy towards segmental ureterectomy and ureteroneocystostomy. Eventual pathologic diagnosis was granulocytic sarcoma of the ureter. Postoperative workup failed to demonstrate any sign of an accompanying hematologic disorder. He started receiving the chemotherapy protocol of acute myeloblastic leukemia. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of nonleukemic ureteral granulocytic sarcoma which came to attention due to urologic complaints

The Prevalence of Radix Paramolaris and Entomolaris in Mandibular Molar Teeth: A Retrospective Study

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the frequency of radix paramolaris (RP) and radix entomolaris (RE) in the first and second molars using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The CBCT images of a total of 400 patients at the ages of 14 to 66 were included in the study. On the images that were included, two maxillofacial radiologists simultaneously examined the presence of radix paramolaris and radix entomolaris by using axial CBCT cross-sections from the pulpal chamber towards the apical. Results: At least one RE or RP was observed in 36 of the 400 patients (9%). A total of 20 RPs (1.25%) were observed, including 2 bilateral and 16 unilateral cases. A total of 38 REs (2.38%) were observed, including 11 bilateral and 16 unilateral cases. There was at least one RE or RP in 16 of the 149 male patients (10.7%) and in 20 of the 251 female patients (8%). Conclusion: Consequently, while the prevalence and types of third root variations differ between different populations, RE is seen more frequently in mandibular first molar teeth, and RP is seen more frequently in mandibular second molar teeth. No significant relationship could be found between sex and the prevalence of third root variations in mandibular molar teeth images included in this study. No significant difference was found between the right and left sides as the localizations of RP and RE in terms of prevalence. Keywords: Radix entomolaris; Radix paramolaris; Root canal morphology; Cone-beam CT; Mandibular mola

Prevalence of microscopic colitis in patients with diarrhea of unknown etiology in Turkey

AIM: To investigate the prevalence and demography of microscopic colitis in patients with diarrhea of unknown etiology and normal colonoscopy in Turkey