Developing a method for elaboration the scenarios related with sustainable products lifecycle

This article aims at presenting our objective that is to use DfD rules earlier during the design process. Indeed, during the conceptual design phase, designers don't have simple qualitative tools or methods to evaluate their products. There are guidelines that are very useful in a first approach to give some objectives, but there is no quantitative indicators associated to these rules to consider the disassembly aspects when the first choices are realised for the product. So we will present that to use DfD rules during the conceptual design phase, we first have: ?to identify which kind of rules can be applied when designers only have a functional representation of their product. ?to create the necessary indicators to evaluate these rules depending on designers choices. We think that this approach is usable for many DfX rules either if we only consider in this paper DfD rules.Comment: 10 Pages; 1st International Engineering Sciences Conference 2008, Aleppo : Syrian Arab Republic (2008

Product ecodesign and materials: current status and future prospects

The aim of this paper is to discuss the current status of ecodesign in the industry and its future implications for materials. There is today more and more focus on the environmental impacts of products during their whole life cycle. In particular, ecodesign aims at integrating environmental aspects during the product's design process as any other criterion, in order to reduce the life cycle impacts. Although a lot of product environmental impact assessment and Design for Environment tools already exist, environmental aspects are unfortunately rarely routinely integrated into product development process in the industry. This is mainly due to the fact that current ecodesign tools are little adapted to designers' practices, requirements and competencies. After the sequential and DfX paradigms, design of products is today maturing into Integrated Design, where multiple points of views and expertise have to be considered at the same time to progressively define the product

Influence of the use/user profile in the LCA of 3d printed products

International audiencePersonal Fabrication (PF) is becoming more popular each day and as all disruptive technology, its environmental impacts are still little known. A number of authors have tried to compare PF and Industrial Manufacturing (IM) using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) but, opposite results are found among these studies. This paper presents another study that compared PF and IM using LCA. The findings suggest that this comparison is debatable and that, besides the technical aspects, an important issue has to be considered in the LCA of 3d-printed products: the use/user profile. Conclusions show that 3d-printing use/user profile has a direct and important participation in the whole of environmental impacts of printed products and that any LCA of PF that neglects these aspects seems to be incomplete and debatable

Dynamic eco-design strategic options for electric-electronic industry

National audienceToday industries from the electric and electronic sector are facing the challenge of improving the environmental performance of the product (eco-design). Various corporate attitudes and their related policy conduct industries to launch different solutions for eco-designing their product and services. Various strategic needs for environmental improvements therefore emerge. In addition important amount of eco-design methods are available. The challenge of planning which eco-design method to be used for a specific need is thus considerably increasing over time. This research therefore aims at providing a mechanism to generate some relevant eco-design options or some sets of methods for answering to the specific corporate orientations chosen. Existing eco-design methods used in the electric-electronic sector have been carefully analyzed and various ‘interactions’ between the actions followed in those methods have been identified. From this analysis, this research provides a new network of eco-design actions allowing company to explore different solutions and roadmaps for reaching concrete eco-design requirements. The company is able to select the solutions that best follow its eco-design needs depending on its specified strategic constraints and their dynamic operational context. Meanwhile, a framework was proposed to guide the company to consider these different eco-design options within its specific context. This method has been used on a case study, which has demonstrated that its ability to efficiently support the company in reaching eco-design goals

Ecodesign of Li-ion batteries

International audiencePrésentation des avancements de mon travail de thèse au sein du laboratoire G-SCOP, fait à l'occasion du congrès LCM2015 à Bordeuax

A remanufacturing process library for environmental impact simulations

International audience'Closed loop' end-of-life strategies such as remanufacturing must be applied to create eco-efficient products. Remanufacturing may be a key element in reducing the environmental impact of products but this remains to be proved. The aim of this study is to help designers evaluate the environmental impacts of their remanufacturing process during the design phase. The first task is to identify, list and classify the various remanufacturing processes (disassembly, cleaning, sorting and controlling, reconditioning, reassembly) by type of process and then estimate the environmental impact for each process. These processes are then formalized by characterization and organised in a database. Using a simulator, the different processes can be aggregated to assess the environmental impacts of a remanufacturing line. An example is presented in the last part of this paper to illustrate the proposal

Utilisabilité de la méthode « Design for Sustainability » dans les pays en développement : Contexte du Bénin

In recent years, Design for sustainability that is a criteria of integration approach to environmental, economic and social in the product development phase has been tested and successfully implemented in the West Northern Europe, Japan and in some cities in the United States. However, in many parts of the world, especially in the newly industrialized countries of Asia, Latin and South America and especially in Africa, experiments with design for sustainability are rare view sometimes nonexistent. This work presents some results on the usability of the approach Design for Sustainability work put into a country in West Africa called "Benin" in order to judge its performance and relevance and, if possible following the appropriate ground realities. The product on which the work is performed is the machine condiments traditionally manufactured and spread throughout the Benin. This product has many harmful effects on the body because of its poor design and materials used for its design. We integrated in this research Beninese students and local businesses Beninese. These students were trained on the approach Design for Sustainability and implemented in selected companies. Which has achieved satisfactory results. The aim is firstly to see whether the approach Design for Sustainability will be effective, efficient, satisfying, easy to learn and to remember in the context of the Benin side of students and secondly if it can improve the working conditions , reorganizing management, reduce design time and increase the number of local businesses Beninese case design and manufacture of food processing equipment.Dans ces dernières années, l'éco-socio-conception qui est une approche d'intégration des critères d'impacts environnementaux, économiques et sociaux dans la phase de développement des produits a été testée et mise en oeuvre avec succès dans l'Ouest de l'Europe du Nord, au Japon et dans certaines villes des Etats-Unis. Toutefois, dans de nombreuses parties du monde, en particulier dans les pays nouvellement industrialisés d'Asie, d'Amérique latine et du Sud et surtout en Afrique, des expériences avec l'éco-socio-conception sont rares voir parfois inexistantes.Ce travail présente quelques résultats sur la mise oeuvre de l'utilisabilité de l'approche Design for Sustainability dans un pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest appelé le Bénin afin de juger de ses performance et pertinence et si possible l'adaptée suivant des réalités du terrain. Le produit sur lequel le travail est effectué est la machine à condiments fabriquée traditionnellement et répandue dans tout le Bénin. Ce produit présente beaucoup de conséquences néfastes sur l'organisme à cause de son mauvais dimensionnement et des matériels utilisés pour sa conception. Nous avons intégré dans ce travail de recherche les étudiants Béninois ainsi que les entreprises locales Béninoises. Ces étudiants ont suivi une formation sur l'approche Design for Sustainability et l'ont mis en oeuvre dans les entreprises sélectionnées. Ce qui a permis d'atteindre des résultats satisfaisants. Le but visé est de voir d'une part si l'approche Design for Sustainabilitysera efficace, efficience, satisfaisant, facile à apprendre et mémorisable dans le contexte Béninois du côté des étudiants et d'autre part si elle peut améliorer les conditions de travail, réorganiser la gestion, réduire le temps de conception et augmenter le chiffre d'affaire des entreprises locales Béninoises de conception et de fabrication d'équipements agro-alimentaire

Intégration de règles "DfE" (Design for Environment) pour la conception de produits, process et cycles de vie propres

Afin d aider les concepteurs à considérer l environnement dans leur projet de conception de produit, tout en minimisant le temps consacré à cette démarche, une évaluation environnementale simplifiée utilisable dès la phase de conception préliminaire a été définie. La démarche proposée vise à intégrer les règles Design for Environment (DfE) au plus tôt dans la conception des produits, en proposant une méthode d évaluation qui traduit ces règles DfE en indicateurs. Pour mener à bien ce travail de thèse, il nous a fallu construire une base des données des Règles DfE, établir une méthode de choix des règles en fonctions du contexte du projet de conception, établir les règles de calcul des indicateurs liés aux règles DfE et mettre en place des représentations adaptées pour l interprétation des résultats lors de projets de conception. L objectif ici est de guider le concepteur au plus tôt vers un bon compromis, par des estimations simples. Cette approche est nécessaire afin d éviter des modifications significatives à la fin des études détaillées et ainsi de nombreuses boucles essais/erreurs en conception. Une étude de cas permet d illustrer la démarche proposée.To help designers to consider the environmental issues for their product design project (green concepts and other sustainable and environmental strategies) and to minimize the time spent with this approach, a simplified environmental assessment usable during the preliminary design stage has been developed.The proposed approach aims to integrate the "Design for Environment" rules (DfE rules) early in the product design while proposing a method that translates these rules into DfE indicators (quantitative value).To carry out this work, we had to: firstly build a database of DfE rules, secondly establish a method to choose these rules in the context of the design project objectives, thirdly establish calculation formula for the indicatorsSAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Environmental assessment of an animal fat based biodiesel: Defining goal, scope and life cycle inventory

The energy crisis and environmental problems have resulted in an increase of biofuels production. How- ever, the production cost is the biggest commercialization drawback for fuels such as biodiesel; the high- est cost in its production chain is associated with the raw material. Biodiesel is usually produced from vegetable oils; nevertheless, water supplies, fertilizers and large land areas are required for its produc- tion. An alternative is to use animal fat as the most economic raw material for biodiesel production. It does not compete with food safety and reduces the environmental impact caused by an inadequate dis- posal. But the use of biodiesel causes damages on some different parts of unmodified diesel engines and decrease their performance. Therefore, it is necessary to study additives that modify the thermodynamic and transport properties of biodiesel such as density, viscosity or surface tension. The aim of this research is to present the goal, scope and life cycle inventory necessary to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of ternary diesel + biodiesel + additives blends, as biofuels through life cycle assessment. Mass of reagents and blends components were identified, while they have already been tested and validated from the experimental data. The life cycle scenarios will include beef tallow, biodiesel, diesel and addi- tives production, mixing processes, and blends combustion

Chapter 8. Lifecycle and sustainability

International audienceThe concept of sustainability was developed in order to improve the present human living standards while maintaining the availability of the natural resources for future generations. According to this definition, technological development is a way to improve the sustainability, because it enables to meet human needs by transforming natural resources into useful products. By 2050, the urban world population is expected to approximately double to an estimated 6.4 billion2 and we are aware that the Earth’s natural resources are already limited. In this context, less impacting and more efficient industrial processes’ design represents a real challenge for engineers. From now on, the impacts of new technologies have to be assessed in detail, all along their life cycle, even before their massive industrial deployment.We should be sure that the generated impacts are actually counterbalanced by the improvement of the living standards on Earth. In this chapter, we will consider new technologies related to the development and treatment of lithium batteries. In the first part, we will demonstrate how existing studiesare already taking into account environmental impacts assessment and we will particularly emphasize the main assumptions realized using life cycle assessment (LCA) approaches. In the second part, we will focus on the end-of-life (EOL) of lithium batteries to demonstrate that the entire value chain has to be considered while arbitrating on the acceptability or not of a design decision from an environmental perspective.Les batteries de type lithium connaissent et vont connaitre un essor considérable compte tenu d'une part de leurs bonnes performances et d'autre part d'une demande sans cesse croissante d'énergie notamment pour les applications transports. Cet accroissement entraîne une consommation accrue de matières premières et exige, dès aujourd'hui, de penser « cycle de vie » et « développement durable » afin de préserver et de pérenniser les ressources naturelles. Ce chapitre décrit dans un premier temps la méthodologie de l'« analyse du cycle de vie » appliquée aux batteries au lithium à partir de l'analyse de travaux publiés dans la littérature. En particulier les points clefs de ces études sont soulignés et des améliorations indispensables dans l'application de la méthode sont proposées. Dans un deuxième temps, le chapitre décrit un rapide état de l'art du recyclage et pointe la nécessité d'intégrer et de modéliser tout le cycle de vie des batteries depuis l'extraction des ressource primaires jusqu'à la fin de vie