Relativistic particle dynamics in D=2+1

We propose a SUSY variant of the action for a massless spinning particles via the inclusion of twistor variables. The action is constructed to be invariant under SUSY transformations and $\tau$-reparametrizations even when an interaction field is including. The constraint analysis is achieved and the equations of motion are derived. The commutation relations obtained for the commuting spinor variables $\lambda$ show that the particle states have fractional statistics and spin. At once we introduce a possible massive term for the non-interacting model.Comment: 11 page

Effect of methylprednisolone on perivascular pulmonary edema, inflammatory infiltrate, VEGF and TGF-beta immunoexpression in the remaining lungs of rats after left pneumonectomy

Pneumonectomy is associated with high rates of morbimortality, with postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema being one of the leading causes. An intrinsic inflammatory process following the operation has been considered in its physiopathology. The use of corticosteroids is related to prevention of this edema, but no experimental data are available to support this hypothesis. We evaluated the effect of methylprednisolone on the remaining lungs of rats submitted to left pneumonectomy concerning edema and inflammatory markers. Forty male Wistar rats weighing 300 g underwent left pneumonectomy and were randomized to receive corticosteroids or not. Methylprednisolone at a dose of 10 mg/kg was given before the surgery. After recovery, the animals were sacrificed at 48 and 72 h, when the pO2/FiO2 ratio was determined. Right lung perivascular edema was measured by the index between perivascular and vascular area and neutrophil density by manual count. Tissue expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry light microscopy. There was perivascular edema formation after 72 h in both groups (P = 0.0031). No difference was observed between operated animals that received corticosteroids and those that did not concerning the pO2/FiO2 ratio, neutrophil density or TGF-β expression. The tissue expression of VEGF was elevated in the animals that received methylprednisolone both 48 and 72 h after surgery (P = 0.0243). Methylprednisolone was unable to enhance gas exchange and avoid an inflammatory infiltrate and TGF-β expression also showed that the inflammatory process was not correlated with pulmonary edema formation. However, the overexpression of VEGF in this group showed that methylprednisolone is related to this elevation

Effects of pneumonectomy on nitric oxide synthase expression and perivascular edema in the remaining lung of rats

Pneumonectomy is associated with high mortality and high rates of complications. Postpneumonectomy pulmonary edema is one of the leading causes of mortality. Little is known about its etiologic factors and its association with the inflammatory process. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the role of pneumonectomy as a cause of pulmonary edema and its association with gas exchange, inflammation, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression and vasoconstriction. Forty-two non-specific pathogen-free Wistar rats were included in the study. Eleven animals died during or after the procedure, 21 were submitted to left pneumonectomy and 10 to sham operation. These animals were sacrificed after 48 or 72 h. Perivascular pulmonary edema was more intense in pneumonectomized rats at 72 h (P = 0.0131). Neutrophil density was lower after pneumonectomy in both groups (P = 0.0168). There was higher immunohistochemical expression of eNOS in the pneumonectomy group (P = 0.0208), but no statistically significant difference in the expression of iNOS. The lumen-wall ratio and pO2/FiO2 ratio did not differ between the operated and sham groups after pneumonectomy. Left pneumonectomy caused perivascular pulmonary edema with no elevation of immunohistochemical expression of iNOS or neutrophil density, suggesting the absence of correlation with the inflammatory process or oxidative stress. The increased expression of eNOS may suggest an intrinsic production of NO without signs of vascular reactivity.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)CNP

Pseudoclassical mechanics for the spin-0 and -1 particles

We give an action for the massless spinning particle in pseudoclassical mechanics by using Grassmann variables. The constructed action is invariant under tau-reparametrizations, local SUSY and O(N) transformations. After quantization, for the special case N = 2, we get an action which describes the spin 0, 1 particles and topological sectors of the massless DKP theory. A SUSY formulation of the given model is also explored.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

VARIAÇÃO DO PERCENTUAL DE GORDURA FRENTE A DIFERENTES PROGRAMAS DE INTERVENÇÃO PARA REDUÇÃO DA GORDURA CORPORAL

Este objetivou verificar os efeitos de um programa multidisciplinar, na perda de tecido adiposo, para obesas com idade entre 25 e 50 anos, durante seis meses. Devido à mortalidade o grupo 1 ficou com 5; o gurpo 2 com 4 e o grupo 3 com 6 sujeitos. O grupo 1 consistiu em participar de sessões de ginástica 3 vezes/semana/50minutos. O grupo 2, além de ginástica tinha um encontro semanal com uma nutricionista e o grupo 3, além dos tratamentos anteriores tinha um encontro semanal com uma psicóloga. Efetuou-se medidas de massa e estatura corporal e dobras cutâneas, conforme descrito por GUEDES (1994). Utilizou-se o Programa SAPAF adulto. Pelos dados verificou-se que: o grupo 1 perdeu 2,08 Kg. ao final do experimento e após 1 ano ganhou 3,36 Kg.; o grupo 2 perdeu 5,07 Kg. e após 1 ano ganhou 2,07 Kg.; e, o grupo 3 após o experimento perdeu 9,63 Kg. e após 1 ano ganhou 5,25 Kg. resultando numa recuperação por volta de 52,7% do peso inicial em relação ao perdido até o final do estudo. As atividades ofertadas para os três grupos, não foram suficientes para promover diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos sujeitos do estudo

Experimental Model of Isolated Lung Perfusion in Rats: First Brazilian Experience Using the IL-2 Isolated Perfused Rat or Guinea Pig Lung System

Introduction. Lung transplantation has become the mainstay therapy for patients with end-stage lung disease refractory to medical management. However, the number of patients listed for lung transplantation largely exceeds available donors. The study of lung preservation requires accurate, cost-effective small animal models. We have described a model of ex vivo rat lung perfusion using a commercially available system. Methods. Male Wistar rats weighing 250 g-300 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal sodium thiopental (50 mg/kg body weight). The surgical technique included heart-lung block extraction, assembly, and preparation for perfusion and data collection. We used an IL-2 Isolated Perfused Rat or Guinea Pig Lung System (Harvard Apparatus, Holliston, Mass, United States; Hugo Sachs Elektronik, Alemanha). Results. Preliminary results included hemodynamic and pulmonary mechanics data gathered in the experiments. Conclusion. The isolated rat lung perfusion system is a reliable method to assess lung preservation.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil (FAPESP