Fatores de correção para ganho de peso médio diário no período do nascimento ao desmame em bovinos da raça Nelore

The objective of this work was to calculate correction factors for the effects of age of the dam (AOD), age of the calf (AOC) and Julian birth date (DOB) on the average daily gain (ADG) from birth to weaning period of animals of Nellore breed. The data were analyzed by restricted maximum likelihood, using the animal model. The model included the fixed effects of contemporary group (CG), AOD, AOC and DOB, and the direct effects (animal), maternal, permanent environmental and residue. The data were submitted to previous analysis for the definition of segmented polynomials to be used by means of SAS computing program where the covariates sets were created. In the ADG study in function of AOD, was observed a quadractic-quadractic effect, and the dams reached the maturity between the 5 th and 7 th years of age. The predicted ADG for the calves increased for the dams in the 4 th and 6 th years of age, as that the maximum gain was reached, decreasing from 6 up to 15 years of age, when the calves presented the lower gain rate. For AOC was observed a simple quadratic effect. The ADG presented an overall mean of .681 kg/day and decreased as the animal age increased (from 156 th to 308 th day of age). The Julian birth date showed a linear effect on the ADG, that decreased in the period from 220 th to 365 th day of the Julian calendar. These two effects (AOC and DOB) were the most difficult to model: the knots and the segments of obtained polynomials at each step were dependent and, or influenced by the used modeling for the other effects, suggesting multicolinearity problems and, or concentration of data in influent points. In function of these problems, a simplified modeling of the AOC and DOB effects was choose.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Instituto de ZootecniaDepto. Zootecnia - Melhoramento G. FCAV UNESP, Jaboticabal, SPCNPqS/C Ltda.FAPESPDepto. Zootecnia - Melhoramento G. FCAV UNESP, Jaboticabal, S

Temporal expression pattern of myostatin transcripts during chicken embryogenesis Padrão de expressão temporal de transcritos de miostatina durante a embriogênese da galinha

No presente estudo, estimou-se a abundância dos transcritos da miostatina foi estimada durante a embriogênese de galinha por análises de RT-PCR competitiva. Níveis basais de mRNA desse gene foram detectados até o estádio HH15, enquanto acúmulos significativos nesses níveis foram observados apenas no estádio HH24, seguido por redução na abundância desses transcritos a partir do estádio HH26. Tais descobertas preliminares proporcionam informações relevantes sobre a ativação do fator de crescimento miostatina durante o desenvolvimento in ovo de aves