39 research outputs found
Duncan and the cholera test: public health in mid-nineteenth century Liverpool
Local
studies
have
much
to
contribute
to
the
study
of
the
history
of
public
health
reform
in
nineteenth-century
Britain.
They
may
help
elucidate
the
shifting
margins
between
competition
and
complementarity
in
the
efforts
of
local
and
national
government.
They
can
offer
a
corrective
to
hasty
generalization
from
narrow,
usually
London-based,
sources.
They
throw
light
upon
the
implementation
of
legislation
and
upon
the
local
negotiation
of
the
ideas
and
strategies
of
medical
and
political
elites.
It
is
equally
important,
however,
that
local
studies
remain
aware
of
the
national
context
of
the
issues
being
examined.
Otherwise,
the
specific
significance
of
the
local
study
will
be
lost
Duncan and the cholera test: public health in mid-nineteenth century Liverpool
Local
studies
have
much
to
contribute
to
the
study
of
the
history
of
public
health
reform
in
nineteenth-century
Britain.
They
may
help
elucidate
the
shifting
margins
between
competition
and
complementarity
in
the
efforts
of
local
and
national
government.
They
can
offer
a
corrective
to
hasty
generalization
from
narrow,
usually
London-based,
sources.
They
throw
light
upon
the
implementation
of
legislation
and
upon
the
local
negotiation
of
the
ideas
and
strategies
of
medical
and
political
elites.
It
is
equally
important,
however,
that
local
studies
remain
aware
of
the
national
context
of
the
issues
being
examined.
Otherwise,
the
specific
significance
of
the
local
study
will
be
lost
The role of laser interstitial thermal therapy in enhancing progression-free survival of difficult-to-access high-grade gliomas: A multicenter study
Surgical extent-of-resection has been shown to have an impact on high-grade glioma (HGG) outcomes; however, complete resection is rarely achievable in difficult-to-access (DTA) tumors. Controlled thermal damage to the tumor may have the same impact in DTA-HGGs. We report our multicenter results of laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) in DTA-HGGs. We retrospectively reviewed 34 consecutive DTA-HGG patients (24 glioblastoma, 10 anaplastic) who underwent LITT at Cleveland Clinic, Washington University, and Wake Forest University (May 2011–December 2012) using the NeuroBlate® System. The extent of thermal damage was determined using thermal damage threshold (TDT) lines: yellow TDT line (43°C for 2 min) and blue TDT line (43°C for 10 min). Volumetric analysis was performed to determine the extent-of-coverage of tumor volume by TDT lines. Patient outcomes were evaluated statistically. LITT was delivered as upfront in 19 and delivered as salvage in 16 cases. After 7.2 months of follow-up, 71% of cases demonstrated progression and 34% died. The median overall survival (OS) for the cohort was not reached; however, the 1-year estimate of OS was 68 ± 9%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.1 months. Thirteen cases who met the following two criteria—(1) <0.05 cm(3) tumor volume not covered by the yellow TDT line and (2) <1.5 cm(3) additional tumor volume not covered by the blue TDT line—had better PFS than the other 21 cases (9.7 vs. 4.6 months; P = 0.02). LITT can be used effectively for treatment of DTA-HGGs. More complete coverage of tumor by TDT lines improves PFS which can be translated as the extent of resection concept for surgery
Spatiotemporal variation in harbor porpoise distribution and foraging across a landscape of fear
Understanding spatiotemporally varying animal distributions can inform ecological understanding of species' behavior (e.g., foraging and predator/prey interactions) and support development of management and conservation measures. Data from an array of echolocation‐click detectors (C‐PODs) were analyzed using Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling to investigate spatial and temporal variation in occurrence and foraging activity of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and how this variation was influenced by daylight and presence of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). The probability of occurrence of porpoises was highest on an offshore sandbank, where the proportion of detections with foraging clicks was relatively low. The porpoises' overall distribution shifted throughout the summer and autumn, likely influenced by seasonal prey availability. Probability of porpoise occurrence was lowest in areas close to the coast, where dolphin detections were highest and declined prior to dolphin detection, leading potentially to avoidance of spatiotemporal overlap between porpoises and dolphins. Increased understanding of porpoises' seasonal distribution, key foraging areas, and their relationship with competitors can shed light on management options and potential interactions with offshore industries
The Protective Action Encoding of Serotonin Transients in the Human Brain
The role of serotonin in human brain function remains elusive due, at least in part, to our inability to measure rapidly the local concentration of this neurotransmitter. We used fast-scan cyclic voltammetry to infer serotonergic signaling from the striatum of fourteen brains of human patients with Parkinson's disease. Here we report these novel measurements and show that they correlate with outcomes and decisions in a sequential investment game. We find that serotonergic concentrations transiently increase as a whole following negative reward prediction errors, while reversing when counterfactual losses predominate. This provides initial evidence that the serotonergic system acts as an opponent to dopamine signaling, as anticipated by theoretical models. Serotonin transients on one trial were also associated with actions on the next trial in a manner that correlated with decreased exposure to poor outcomes. Thus, the fluctuations observed for serotonin appear to correlate with the inhibition of over-reactions and promote persistence of ongoing strategies in the face of short-term environmental changes. Together these findings elucidate a role for serotonin in the striatum, suggesting it encodes a protective action strategy that mitigates risk and modulates choice selection particularly following negative environmental events
Student collaboration in developing an on-line self assessment tool to enhance development for student and newly qualified professionals
A “Competence in Practice” (CiPA) self assessment tool was developed initially as a research instrument as part of the Centre for Excellence in Teaching and Learning; Assessment and Learning in Practice Settings.
The tool asks a series of questions against which participants self-rate their preparedness for practice. A working group then created software from this that is used as a formative exercise to rate confidence and perceived competence in practice. This freely available package (http://cipa.hud.ac.uk ) responds with feedback to individual users on their self evaluation, facilitating reflection and guided supervision. The development involved an innovative, collaborative partnership with academics and students, who undertook the work as a paid project as well as actively participating in workshops and conferences.
Working collaboratively was a powerful experience for all involved. This paper presents the development of the tool as a case study focusing on the collaborative aspects of the work. Working collaboratively with students in this manner enabled many positive outcomes and lessons for the future