EFFICACY OF OTAGO EXERCISE VERSUS BOSU BALL EXERCISE IN BALANCE-IMPAIRED ELDERLY PEOPLE

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of OTAGO exercise and BOSU ball exercise on balance training among geriatric population. Geriatric indicates the elderly people with age group more than 60. Balance is the state of equilibrium; three sensors drive a sense of balance (vision, proprioception, and vestibular). As the age increases, there will be some degenerative changes, the loss of any one of these systems affects balance which may result in falls and increased morbidity. The study focuses on the effectiveness of OTAGO exercise and BOSU ball exercise in elderly people. Methodology: Thirty subjects were selected and divided into two groups based on selection criteria with age group between 60-70, both male and female, people who scored 35–45 in Berg balance scale (BBS) grading test and four in fall risk assessment questionnaire was included and people with recent fracture and surgery, stroke, parkinson’s disease, psychiatric illness, severe pain, and muscle weakness were excluded from the study. Pre-test was done using BBS as an outcome measure, proceeding with treatment protocol; Group A: received BOSU ball exercise (unilateral heel raise, one leg stand, knee bend, split stance with torso rotation, and marching) for 30 min – each set of exercise was given for 5–8 repetition with rest period of 2 min. Group B received OTAGO exercise (Backward walking, sideways walking, toe walking, sit to stand, and one leg stand) for 30 min – each set of exercise was given for 5–8 repetition with rest period of 2 min. After the cessation of the treatment protocol, post-test was done using the same outcome measure. Results: Result of the study proves that each group shows p value (p≤0.001); however, Group A (BOSU ball exercise) shows more significant improvement than Group B (OTAGO exercise). Conclusion: Conclusion of the study shows that both BOSU ball exercise and OTAGO exercise were effective in improving balance among elderly people. However, BOSU ball exercise was better than OTAGO exercise in improving balance among elderly people

Comparison of 2 high-throughput spectral techniques to predict differences in diet composition of grazing sheep and cattle

Diet composition can be estimated in free-ranging animals by the use of n-alkane and long-chain fatty alcohol concentrations in feces. However, this technique involves relatively laborious and costly analytical techniques. Two spectroscopy techniques were investigated as a way of determining whether dietary differences are likely, thus indicating whether the more expensive and labor-intensive techniques for more detailed analysis are justified. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and front-face fluorescence emission spectroscopy (lambda(excitation) = 380 nm, lambda(emission) = 600 to 760 nm) were used to analyze fecal samples collected from 2 different breeds of cattle and sheep (4 groups in total, n = 6 per group) grazing moorland plants in 2 grazing sessions. These fecal samples were also analyzed for alkane and alcohol concentrations. Fourier-transform infrared spectra, particularly in the alkane regions, demonstrated clear separation between animal species. Fluorescence emission spectra showed similar separation; fluorophores were most likely chlorophylls and their derivatives. Multivariate analysis of all 3 data sets showed similar variation within and between groups of cattle and sheep, indicating differences in diet selection particularly between species, but also between breed and grazing session. Both spectroscopy methods showed utility in suggesting differences in diet composition that would be worth investigating using more detailed chemical analyses. Of the 2 techniques, the FTIR spectroscopy gave the better comparative results, being able to detect differences in sampling months that were detected with alkanes and alcohols that the fluorescence emission spectroscopy did not detect

SENSOR APPLICATIONS IN ANALYSIS OF DRUGS AND FORMULATIONS

Several sensors, biosensors, and actuators are designed and mounted to analyze biomedical nutraceuticals, food, and nutraceutical products in this particular issue. Some applications concern classical subjects such as eubacteria determination in agricultural products, flashing material in foods such as the ethyl group’s chemicals, and fruit juices’ inhibitor properties. In contrast, the different applications are more revolutionary, such as safety research, the manufacture of artificial human senses (electronic nose or tongue), or t Ligands are often characterized by nano biosensors, utilizing biomaterials that involve specific aptamers, antibodies, enzymes, polymers, and sensory receptors. The square measurement of several modal sensing elements, integrated with nanomaterials, increases sensitivity such as nano biosensors and increases nano biosensor productivity. For the nano biosensor with increased efficiency, modality sensing components have been incorporated in this case. The square measurement of the elastic (ME) magnetic machine biosensors was used to classify infectious agents by a magnet coil in contemporary juice or milk and to develop direct detection of infectious agents on food scanning coils

Tannery effluent effect on the haematological parameters of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the tannery effluent toxicity stress symptoms in fish blood during a long term of exposure period. The effect of tannery effluent on various haematological parameters were evaluated exposing fresh water fish, C. punctatus to different concentration i.e., [Control, 5% Tannery effluent (TE), 10% TE and 20% TE] of tannery effluent. Exposed of fish to tannery effluent showed a significant decrease in the haemoglobin (Hb) content (9.16± 0.08), red blood cells (3.32 ± 0.12), packed cell volume (34.66 ± 0.33) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) values, whereas significant increase in the white blood cells (WBC), erythro-cyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and clotting time was recorded with increase in exposure periods as compared to control respectively. Hb, RBC and MCHC values showed fluctuating results. The haematological parameters were decreases from 15th days of exposure periods to 45th days of exposure period. The decrease in haematological parameters clearly indicates that the exposed fishes have become anemic due to tannery effluent exposure

Efficiency of Commercial Banks in India: A Data Envelopment Analysis

Abstract: The present paper is an attempt to measure the efficiency of Indian Commercial Banks by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Operating Expenses and Interest Expenses are taken as inputs while interest income and other income are taken as outputs to measure the technical and scale efficiency of Public and Private Sector Banks. The study found that the mean technical efficiency of Public Sector Banks is higher than Private Sector Banks

Thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics produced from bamboo/polyester core-spun yarns

The influence of polyester content, twist and loop length on the comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics produced from 100% bamboo, 80:20 bamboo/polyester and 60:40 bamboo/polyester core-spun yarns has been studied. Comfort properties, such as air permeability, moisture vapour transmission, thermal conductivity and thermal resistance properties have been analyzed with three different twist levels and loop lengths. Box–Behnken, a three level three factorial design software, has been used to study the interactive effect of core-sheath ratio, twist and loop length on the comfort properties of single jersey knitted fabrics, response surface equations are derived and the design variables are optimized. It is found that the increase in bamboo content in the core yarns having high twist and loop length increases the moisture vapour transmission and thermal conductivity of the knitted fabrics. The air permeability and thermal resistance of the knitted fabrics are found to be higher as the polyester component is increased. High twist and loop length increase the thermal comfort properties of knitted fabrics

New flavonoids from the Saudi Arabian plant:Retama raetam which stimulates secretion of insulin and inhibits α-glucosidase

Retama raetam is a bush which is a member of the family Fabaceae. It is used traditionally in North Africa and Saudi Arabia for the treatment of diabetes. Several flavonoids and alkaloids are already known from this plant. Chromatographic fractionation and purification led to the isolation of three new derivatives of prenylated flavones, retamasin C-E, and four new derivatives of prenylated isoflavones, retamasin F-I, in addition to two isoflavones which have not been previously reported in this plant. Particularly interesting structures included isoflavones containing 3,5-dihydro-2H-2,5-methanobenzo[e][1,4]dioxepine and 3a,8b-dihydro-7-hydroxyfuro[3,2-b]benzo[2,1-d]furan units, both of which are new amongst natural product flavonoids. Five new examples (two flavones and three isoflavones) strongly enhanced the glucose-triggered release of insulin by murine pancreatic islets and one isoflavone was a potent inhibitor of α-glucosidase. This study may rationalise the traditional medicinal use of R. raetam and provide new leads for drug design in the treatment of diabetes.</p

A neoclerodane orthoester and other new neoclerodane diterpenoids from Teucrium yemense chemistry and effect on secretion of insulin

Teucrium yemense, a medicinal plant commonly grown in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, is traditionally used to treat infections, kidney diseases, rheumatism, and diabetes. Extraction of the dried aerial parts of the plant with methanol, followed by further extraction with butanol and chromatography, gave twenty novel neoclerodanes. Their structures, relative confgurations and some conformations were determined by MS and 1-D and 2-D NMR techniques. Most were fairly conventional but one contained an unusual stable orthoester, one had its (C-16)–(C-13)–(C-14)–(C-15) (tetrahydro)furan unit present as a succinic anhydride and one had a rearranged carbon skeleton resulting from ring-contraction to give a central octahydroindene bicyclic core, rather than the usual decalin. Mechanisms are proposed for the biosynthetic formation of the orthoester and for the ring-contraction. Four novel neoclerodanes increased the glucose-triggered release of insulin from isolated murine pancreatic islets by more than the standard drug tolbutamide, showing that they are potential leads for the development of new anti-diabetic drugs

Exploiting the Bipartite Structure of Entity Grids for Document Coherence and Retrieval

International audienceDocument coherence describes how much sense text makes in terms of its logical organisation and discourse flow. Even though coherence is a relatively difficult notion to quantify precisely, it can be approximated automatically. This type of coherence modelling is not only interesting in itself, but also useful for a number of other text processing tasks, including Information Retrieval (IR), where adjusting the ranking of documents according to both their relevance and their coherence has been shown to increase retrieval effectiveness.The state of the art in unsupervised coherence modelling represents documents as bipartite graphs of sentences and discourse entities, and then projects these bipartite graphs into one–mode undirected graphs. However, one–mode projections may incur significant loss of the information present in the original bipartite structure. To address this we present three novel graph metrics that compute document coherence on the original bipartite graph of sentences and entities. Evaluation on standard settings shows that: (i) one of our coherence metrics beats the state of the art in terms of coherence accuracy; and (ii) all three of our coherence metrics improve retrieval effectiveness because, as closer analysis reveals, they capture aspects of document quality that go undetected by both keyword-based standard ranking and by spam filtering. This work contributes document coherence metrics that are theoretically principled, parameter-free, and useful to IR

Stimulation of insulin secretion by 5-methylcoumarins and its sulfur analogues isolated from Clutia lanceolata Forssk

Clutia lanceolata Forssk. (C. lanceolata) is a medicinal plant native to sub-Saharan Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of C. lanceolata yielded twenty-one coumarins including methylthio and methylsulfinyl-coumarins. Thirteen of these compounds are reported here for the first time, named as cluteolin A to M. The remaining eight compounds are known but have not been associated previously with C. lanceolata. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated from their 2D NMR and MS spectra. Single crystal X-ray analyses confirmed the structures of eleven compounds. As, in Saudi Arabian tradition, C. lanceolata has been reported to have anti-diabetic and anti-fungal properties, the coumarins were examined for their biological activity. Seven compounds strongly enhanced the glucose-triggered release of insulin by murine pancreatic islets, with two compounds showing more than two-fold enhancement of insulin secretion, compared with the standard drug glimepiride.</p