10,241 research outputs found
Multiple Petty Offenses With Serious Penalties: A Case for the Right to Trial by Jury
This Note outlines the history and development of the petty offense exception and the Supreme Court\u27s jury trial entitlement jurisprudence. In particular, it discusses the fundamental principle of gauging criminal seriousness by the length of a penalty as authorized by statute. This Note sets out the Circuit split and explains why the courts are divided on the aggregation issue. It argues that courts must aggregate maximum penalties for multiple petty offenses charged together to accurately reflect legislative determinations of criminal seriousness. It also criticizes the use of pre-trial sentencing stipulations to circumvent trial by jury when it would otherwise be required
Evaluation of Compensated Magnetism in LaVCuO: Exploration of Charge States
We present an ab initio study of double perovskite LaVCuO, which was
one of the earliest compounds suggested as a potential compensated half-metal.
Two charge and spin configurations close in energy have been identified. (i)
The originally envisioned spin-compensated V:d/Cu:d
configuration is comprised of antialigned S=1/2 cations. This state is a
spin-compensated half-metal for moderate values of U (the on-site Coulomb
repulsion strength on the metal ions) and is insulating for larger values of U.
(ii) An unanticipated non-magnetic solution V:d/Cu:d
consists of an empty- and a full-shell ion, both spherically symmetric, that
leads to a band insulator. This ionic band insulator is calculated to be the
ground state at small and moderate values of U. The different distortions of
the perovskite structure that occur for each state are central in determining
the energy differences. Treating the Cu Jahn-Teller distortion
self-consistently is particularly important for the magnetic solution.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 tabl
Quantum Confinement Induced Molecular Mott Insulating State in LaNiO
The recently synthesized layered nickelate LaNiO, with its
cuprate-like NiO layers, seemingly requires a Ni1 ()+2Ni2 ()
charge order, together with strong correlation effects, to account for its
insulating behavior. Using density functional methods including strong
intra-atomic repulsion (Hubbard U), we obtain an insulating state via a new
mechanism: {\it without charge order}, Mott insulating behavior arises based on
quantum coupled, spin-aligned Ni2-Ni1-Ni2 states across the trilayer
(rather than based on atomic states), with antiferromagnetic ordering within
layers. The weak and frustrated magnetic coupling between cells may account for
the small spin entropy that is removed at the N\'eel transition at 105 K and
the lack of any diffraction peak at the N\'eel point.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Metal-insulator transition through a semi-Dirac point in oxide nanostructures: VO (001) layers confined within TiO
Multilayer (TiO)/(VO) nanostructures ( -
interfaces with no polar discontinuity) show a metal-insulator transition with
respect to the VO layer thickness in first principles calculations. For
5 layers, the system becomes metallic, while being insulating for =
1 and 2. The metal-insulator transition occurs through a semi-Dirac point phase
for = 3 and 4, in which the Fermi surface is point-like and the electrons
behave as massless along the zone diagonal in k-space and as massive fermions
along the perpendicular direction. We provide an analysis of the evolution of
the electronic structure through this unprecedented insulator-to-metal
transition, and identify it as resulting from quantum confinement producing a
non-intuitive orbital ordering on the V ions, rather than being a
specific oxide interface effect. Spin-orbit coupling does not destroy the
semi-Dirac point for the calculated ground state, where the spins are aligned
along the rutile c-axis, but it does open a substantial gap if the spins lie in
the basal plane.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
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