Finite element method analysis of propagation in a non magnetic coupled waveguide structure having α-power refractive index profile

The work presented in the paper is a numerical study of a waveguiding component. The structure studied is a coupler consisting of three closely-coupled weakly-guiding one-dimensional waveguides. The refractive index profile of the coupler has been allowed to vary arbitrarily. The scalar finite element method (FEM) has been used to separately extract the TE and TM modes supported by this coupler and propagate them along the structure using a beam propagation method (BPM). We excite structure with Eigen mode profile which can be well approximated by Gaussian shape pulse. The effect of waveguide separation has been well demonstrated by using an example. The Crank-Nicolson (CN) scheme has been used to stabilize the propagation and transparent boundary conditions (TBC) which have been used to absorb energy leaked by the waveguides to the outer boundaries. The work’s main finding is that the coupling period of the structure can be changed by altering the index profile of the middle waveguide; step-, parabolic- and triangular-profile distributions have been studied and compared. In FEM analysis we have used the variable discretization step (δ) for the better accuracy of the results

Future evolution due to backreaction in a Universe with multiple inhomogeneous domains

We formulate a model of spacetime with inhomogeneous matter distribution in multiple domains. In the context of the backreaction framework using Buchert's averaging procedure, we evaluate the effect of backreaction due to the inhomogeneities on the late time global evolution of the Universe. Examining the future evolution of this universe, we find that it can transit from the presently accelerating phase to undergo future deceleration. The future deceleration is governed by our model parameters. We constrain the model parameters using observational analysis of the Union 2.1 supernova Ia data employing the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure

The Real Time Hardware Design and simulation of moving message Display System Integrated with PLCC Modem

This paper serves as a general and technical orientation on the one of application of  "Power line Carrier (PLC) Communication Systems" with scrolling message on LED/LCD with keyboard facility in real time with the presentation of a widespread and detailed analysis on the standards, characteristics, technologies, products and development associated and currently being deployed in the PLC communication systems. Since the developments and research on the subject had been relatively new in India and information scattered, the lack of collective information had been the primary Initiative behind this research. Power Line Carrier (PLC) is still widely used to provide real-time communications for protection of high voltage transmission lines. This PLCC module provides bi-directional half-duplex communication over the mains of any voltage up to (220-250)V AC and for frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Usually modules is in receiving mode all the time attending to incoming communication on the power line. This application gives serial data to transmit on its RX-IN pin, it switches over to transmit and transmits the data through power line. Once transmit process is complete it switches back to receive mode. During transmission of data by Red LED indicates user that data is transmitting. At the receiving end receipt data  indicated by Green LED which is on TX out pin itself. Data communication of the modules is clear to user’s data terminals and protocol self-determining; as a result, multiple units can be connected to the mains without affecting the operation of the others. In this we can connect the PLC modem to the Atmega 16 controller and then program it and simulated with ISP connector and then at last connect PLC system to the AC power plug.   Keywords :  PLCC Modem ,LED Panels, Keyboard decode

Analyzing the 21-cm signal brightness temperature in the Universe with inhomogeneities

We explore the 21-cm signal in our Universe containing inhomogeneous matter distribution at considerably large scales. Employing Buchert's averaging procedure in the context of a model of spacetime with multiple inhomogeneous domains, we evaluate the effect of our model parameters on the observable 21-cm signal brightness temperature. Our model parameters are constrained through the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method using the Union 2.1 supernova Ia observational data. We find that a significant dip in the brightness temperature compared to the $\Lambda$CDM prediction could arise as an effect of the inhomogeneities present in the Universe.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure

Ambient Temperature Growth and Superconducting Properties of Ti-V Alloy Thin Films

A study on the optimization of ambient temperature growth and superconducting properties of Ti-V alloy thin films grown on SiO2-coated Si substrate is reported here. These films have been synthesized by co-sputtering of Ti and V targets, and films having different Ti concentrations were deposited to get the optimized critical temperature (TC) of thin films close to the bulk value. The maximum TC of 5.2 K has been obtained in the Ti40V60 composition, which is further increased to 6.2 K when a 10 nm thick Ti underlayer is added below the Ti-V film. GIXRD measurements confirm the formation of Ti-V alloys in the desired crystal structure. The upper critical field (HC2) of the thin films has been estimated with the help of magnetotransport measurements. The utility of Ti-V alloy thin films in superconducting radiation detection applications is ascertained.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figure

MEDICAL IMAGE FUSION USING CURVELET TRANSFORM

ABSTRACT The paper analyses the characteristics of the Fast Discrete Curvelet Transform and put forward an image fusion algorithm based on Discrete Wavelet Transform and the Fast Discrete Curvelet Transform. The Curvelet Transform is a new approach in the image fusion techniques adding a new, lesser redundant, fast and simple way of dealing the images especially at the edges and curves and hence it is very suitable for the analysis of various natural images like Medical images using tomographic images like MRI and CT scan, seismic images, satellite pictures for the weather monitoring etc. The experimental results show that the method could extract useful information from the source images to fused images so that clear images are obtained. In choosing the low-frequency coefficients, the concept of local area variance was applied to the measuring criteria. In choosing the high frequency coefficients, the window property and local characteristics of pixels were analysed. Finally, the proposed algorithm was applied to experiments of multi-focus image fusion and complementary image fusion

An Energy Efficient and Cost Reduction based Hybridization Scheme for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) over the Internet of Things (IoT)

Wireless networks are viewed as the best-used network and specifically Portable Specially Appointed Organizations (MANETs) have tracked down numerous applications for its information transmission progressively. The plan issues in this organization are to confine the utilization of energy while communicating data and give security to the hubs. Soa protocol needs to be energy efficient to avoid network failures. Thereby this paper brings an effective energy efficient to optimize LEAR and make it energy efficient. The energy-mindfulness element is added to the LEAR guiding convention in this work using the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization method (BPSO). The recommended method selects programmes taking into account course length in addition to the programme level of energy when predicting the future. To get good results, the steered challenge is first designed using LEAR. The next step is to choose a route that enhances the weighting capability of the study hours and programming power used.This MANET has been secured using the cryptographic method known as AES.According to experimental findings, the proposed hybrid version outperformed other cutting-edge models

A Novel Hybrid Feature Selection Method for Day-Ahead Electricity Price Forecasting

The paper proposes a novel hybrid feature selection (FS) method for day-ahead electricity price forecasting. The work presents a novel hybrid FS algorithm for obtaining optimal feature set to gain optimal forecast accuracy. The performance of the proposed forecaster is compared with forecasters based on classification tree and regression tree. A hybrid FS method based on the elitist genetic algorithm (GA) and a tree-based method is applied for FS. Making use of selected features, aperformance test of the forecaster was carried out to establish the usefulness of the proposed approach. By way of analyzing and forecasts for day-ahead electricity prices in the Australian electricity markets, the proposed approach is evaluated and it has been established that, with the selected feature, the proposed forecaster consistently outperforms the forecaster with a larger feature set. The proposed method is simulated in MATLAB and WEKA software.publishedVersio