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कृपया पूरा लेख पढे

Interface induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co/CoO/Co thin film structure: An in-situ MOKE investigation

Co /CoO/Co polycrystalline film was grown on Si (001) substrate and magnetic properties have been investigated using in-situ magneto-optic Kerr effect during growth of the sample. Magnetic anisotropy with easy axis perpendicular to the film surface has been observed in top Co layer, whereas bottom layer was found to be soft with in-plane magnetization without any influence of top layer. Ex-situ in-plane and out-of-plane diffraction measurements revealed that the growth of Co on oxidized interface takes place with preferential orientation of c-axis perpendicular to the film plane, which results in the observed perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Texturing of the c-axis is expected to be a result of minimization of the interface energy due to hybridization between Co and oxygen at the interface.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, under review in IOP journa

SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES USING ASCORBIC ACID AND CETYL TRIMETHYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE

Objective: The present study highlights the development of a method to synthesize copper nanoparticles (CuNPs).Methods: CuNPs were developed using 0.01 M copper penta sulfate and 0.11 M of ascorbic acid (AA) and 0.03 M of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide solution. The synthesized CuNPs were differentiated through filtration and washed by water (deionized). CuNPs were kept in dialysis bag 70 KD in a 250 mL glass beaker along with distilled water. The assembly was kept on a magnetic stirrer for 24 h at 500 rpm. Then, the dialysis bag containing CuNPs solution was filtered by a filter assembly with 0.2 μm nylon filter. The filtered CuNPs were spray dried with the help of spray drier.Results: The prepared CuNPs were found to be 440 nm with zeta potential of −10 mV and polydispersity index 0.314.Conclusion: The investigation deciphers the promising and material technique to synthesis of CuNPs by methods for synthetic reduction utilizing strategy using AA (0.2 M) and sodium hydroxide (1 M), and Syloid 244FP

Permaculture to monoculture in shifting cultivation landscape of Mizoram, Northeast India: Are agrobiodiversity and happiness waning?

The status of agrobiodiversity and perceived well-being of one indigenous community, namely the Mara tribe, was assessed in a pilot study of 150 households sampled at random from two blocks in Saiha district, which lies at the south-western corner of the state of Mizoram. A subsample of 50 households was chosen, based on a set of predefined criteria, for data collection using mix methods approach. The study documented 30 species of plants being cultivated by the respondents. The species comprised ten vegetables, nine fruit plants, seven field crops and four species of spices and condiments and their cultivation was supplemented with five species of domesticated livestock. The plants other than field crops were identified by the respondents as top three choices for the diversification of farming. The growing transition to monoculture is taking its toll on the respondents’ sense of subjective well-being. Most of them (92%) reported a moderate level of well-being or fluctuating levels of well-being: they are struggling now and expect to struggle even more in the future, to continue their way of life. We urge caution in the drive towards modernization lest the change should threaten the well-being of people and the ecological–economic trade-offs of monoculture

Is traditional agroforestry system of Nagaland bountiful for indigenous and traditional crops species diversity?

Sustaining natural resource base and augmenting productivity of tropical systems necessitate developing comprehensive understanding on the complex crop species diversity and their potential uses in traditional agroforestry systems. The present study attempts to quantify indigenous and traditional crop species diversity and extent of usage of wild edible plants in a traditional agro forestry (TAF) system using primary data from 90 households of Konyak Naga tribe spread across six villages of a remote district, i.e., Mon, Nagaland, North-East India. Findings reveal that the TAF system is much diversified as compared to the settled cultivation system. Apart from cereals, millets and pulses, the upland tribes grow a variety of horticultural crops on shifting cultivation (SC) land. At the aggregate level, the horticultural crops in the sampled states were observed to be much diversified and the mean diversification index value was found to be 0.79 (SID) on TAF land. The present study documented 30 indigenous and traditional crops species being cultivated and used by the Konyak Naga tribe. Their food system is further complemented with wild edible plants collected from fallow land and secondary forest. The existing diversity managed with traditional wisdom in the TAF system need to be preserved and disseminated in order to ensure the sustainability of the natural resource base

IN VITRO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF HINGULESWARA RASABASED HERBOMINERAL FORMULATIONS

Objective: The aims of the present investigation were to develop the herbal and/or herbomineral formulations of Hinguleswara rasa and to compare their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, in vitro, with that of standard drug samples.Methods: This study was an interventional investigation in three samples: In the first sample, Hinguleswara rasa (HR1) was prepared as per methodology described in Rasatarangini using Shuddha Hingula (10 g), Shuddha Vatsanabha (10 g), and Pippali (10 g). In the second and third sample, respectively, Hinguleswara rasa was prepared by replacing Shuddha Hingula with Kajjali where Kajjali made from Hingulotha parada and Sodhita parada constitutes two varieties of Hinguleswara rasa, i.e. HR2 and HR3. In vitro antioxidant activity was studied using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, and the absorbance was recorded at 517 nm. For evaluating the in vitro anti-inflammatory studies, the inhibition of albumin denaturation technique was performed.Results: The results showed that the formulation of Hinguleswara rasa has shown dose-dependent activity which was observed in 100 μg concentration. HR1, HR2, and HR3 showed 36.11, 17.22, and 16.11% radical scavenging activity.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the changes made in the formulations did not affect the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of the herbomineral formulations

Exploring ethnic foodscape in food desert: the case of Kolasib, Northeast India

Of late, ‘Food deserts’,— places where there are no supermarkets for residents in the locality—are triggering policy debates among the policy-makers, academics, activists and media and advocating policy-led interventions to establish accessible new supermarkets. However, in some food deserts, local communities may traditionally follow their own indigenously adapted approaches for consumption of healthy diets. In this paper, we contend that policy-makers sometimes rather than strengthening in-situ opportunities may even rattle low-cost healthy food access pathways by new supermarket mediations. Based on qualitative tools, i.e., focused group discussion (FGD), the current study has delved into the availability of range of ethnic traditional cuisines from the foodscape of Kolasib, generally consumed by the Lushai tribe in Mizoram, Northeast India. Our study proposes new boulevards for conducting research and possible provision of financial impetus to prevailing community-based practices for establishing food banks and leveraging farm-to-market opportunities.

Indigenous people‘s attachment to traditional agroforestry system: An empirical insight from Churachandpur, Northeast India

Indigenous people in Northeast India are facing significant challenges due to policy measures aimed at outlawing the controversial practice of shifting cultivation (SC) in order to cope with the environmental degradation and forest conservation, though, it has so far been unsuccessful. Such measures tend to overlook the contribution of SC landscape to the social and cultural well-being of indigenous people. This article explores the place and place-based practice bonding, drawing on a survey from Churachandpur, Manipur, Northeast India. Through structured interviews of 90 households of 9 village clusters with SC practitioners and focused group discussions, we outline the way SC system is developing the sense of place and giving the individual and community identities, besides giving a specific place character associated with it. Principal component analysis of four dimensions of place attachment reveals that traditional institution bonding exerts the strongest influence (Cronbach alpha 0.97) on their decision to continue with SC. Scores for nature bonding, lack of alternate occupation and economic bonding were 0.94, 0.92 and 0.83, respectively. The study established that SC is strongly intertwined with the culture and social life of people who practice it. Social wellbeing of jhumias outweighs their economic reasons of attachment to SC and it would not be prudent to brand it merely as a form of agroforestry system