Group mindfulness based cognitive therapy vs group support for self-injury among young people: Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a transdiagnostic behaviour that can be difficult to treat; to date no evidence based treatment for NSSI exists. Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) specifically targets the mechanisms thought to initiate and maintain NSSI, and thus appears a viable treatment option. The aims of the current study are to test the ability of MBCT to reduce the frequency and medical severity of NSSI, and explore the mechanisms by which MBCT exerts its effect. Methods/Design: We will conduct a parallel group randomised controlled trial of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) versus Supportive Therapy (ST) in young people aged 18-25 years. Computerised block randomisation will be used to allocate participants to groups. All participants will meet the proposed DSM-5 criteria for NSSI (i.e. five episodes in the last twelve months). Participants will be excluded if they: 1) are currently receiving psychological treatment, 2) have attempted suicide in the previous 12 months, 3) exhibit acute psychosis, 4) have a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder, or 5) have prior experience of MBCT. Our primary outcome is the frequency and medical severity of NSSI. As secondary outcomes we will assess changes in rumination, mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, stress, and attentional bias, and test these as mechanisms of change. Discussion: This is the first randomised controlled trial to test the efficacy of MBCT in reducing NSSI. Evidence of the efficacy of MBCT for self-injury will allow provision of a brief intervention for self-injury that can be implemented as a stand-alone treatment or integrated with existing treatments for psychiatric disorders

Gold‐Catalyzed Redox Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines using Pyridine N‐Oxide and Alkynes

A mild, catalytic, atom economical synthesis of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines has been developed: catalytic PicAuCl2 in the presence of an acid produces a range imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines in good yield. This strategy is mild and forseen to be of particular use for the installation of stereogenic centers adjacent to the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring without loss of enantiomeric excess

The development and mechanistic investigation of a palladium-catalyzed 1,3-arylfluorination of chromenes.

A mild palladium-catalyzed ligand-controlled regioselective 1,3-arylfluorination of 2[H]-chromenes has been developed. The products with a syn-1,3 substitution pattern were obtained with high enantiomeric excess using a PyrOx ligand, wherein the utility of these pyranyl-fluorides was further demonstrated through their participation in a diastereoselective C-C bond forming reaction. Ligand dependent divergent formation of both the 1,3- and 1,2- alkene difunctionalization products was observed. The nature of this bifurcation was investigated through experimental studies in combination with computational and statistical analysis tools. Ultimately, the site selectivity was found to rely on ligand denticity and metal electrophilicity, the electronics of the boronic acid, and the donor ability of the directing group in the substrate

The development and mechanistic investigation of a palladium-catalyzed 1,3-arylfluorination of chromenes.

A mild palladium-catalyzed ligand-controlled regioselective 1,3-arylfluorination of 2[H]-chromenes has been developed. The products with a syn-1,3 substitution pattern were obtained with high enantiomeric excess using a PyrOx ligand, wherein the utility of these pyranyl-fluorides was further demonstrated through their participation in a diastereoselective C-C bond forming reaction. Ligand dependent divergent formation of both the 1,3- and 1,2- alkene difunctionalization products was observed. The nature of this bifurcation was investigated through experimental studies in combination with computational and statistical analysis tools. Ultimately, the site selectivity was found to rely on ligand denticity and metal electrophilicity, the electronics of the boronic acid, and the donor ability of the directing group in the substrate