Modulation of Gut Microbiota by Bioactive Compounds for Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Gut microbiota (GM) are specific groups of microbes colonized in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. They profoundly influence health, disease protection, and associated with metabolic activities, and play a vital role in the production of functional metabolites from dietary substances. Dysbiosis of GM has been linked to the onset of T2DM and can be altered to attain eubiosis by intervention with various nutritional bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, prebiotics, and probiotics. This review presents an overview of the evidence and underlying mechanisms by which bioactive compounds modulate the GM for the prevention and management of T2DM

Improvement of Mechanical, Thermal and Optical Properties of Barium Mixed Cobalt Tartrate Hydrate Crystals Grown by Gel Method

In this present work, CTH and BCTH crystals have been prepared by gel technique by using single diffusion method at room temperature. The as grown crystals were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, UV, TG / DTA and Micro hardness studies. X-ray powder diffraction results analyzed by using suitable software suggest that a CTH and BCTH crystals belong to cubic crystal system. The unit cell volume is observed to increase with increase in the concentration of barium in cobalt tartrate due to the lattice distortion. The band gap and optical properties have analyzed by UV-Visible spectrum. The functional groups and compound formation of the crystals have been studied by FT-IR spectrum. The mechanical properties of the grown crystals were tested by using Vicker’s microhardness studies. The work hardening coefficient (n) was determined to be 3.7 for CTH, 5.3 for BCTH (1 : 1) and 6.4 for BCTH (2 : 1) and the stiffness constants for different loads were calculated and reported. Thermal analysis suggests that pure cobalt tartrate starts decomposing at 73.2 C whereas the barium mixed cobalt tartrate brings about better thermal stability which increases with an increase in barium concentration

Improvement of Mechanical, Thermal and Optical Properties of Barium Mixed Cobalt Tartrate Hydrate Crystals Grown by Gel Method

In this present work, CTH and BCTH crystals have been prepared by gel technique by using single diffusion method at room temperature. The as grown crystals were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, UV, TG / DTA and Micro hardness studies. X-ray powder diffraction results analyzed by using suitable software suggest that a CTH and BCTH crystals belong to cubic crystal system. The unit cell volume is observed to increase with increase in the concentration of barium in cobalt tartrate due to the lattice distortion. The band gap and optical properties have analyzed by UV-Visible spectrum. The functional groups and compound formation of the crystals have been studied by FT-IR spectrum. The mechanical properties of the grown crystals were tested by using Vicker’s microhardness studies. The work hardening coefficient (n) was determined to be 3.7 for CTH, 5.3 for BCTH (1 : 1) and 6.4 for BCTH (2 : 1) and the stiffness constants for different loads were calculated and reported. Thermal analysis suggests that pure cobalt tartrate starts decomposing at 73.2 C whereas the barium mixed cobalt tartrate brings about better thermal stability which increases with an increase in barium concentration

dGEMRIC as a function of BMI

SummaryObjectiveDelayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) reflects cartilage glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution. The technique assumes that the plasma levels of the contrast agent Gd-DTPA2− are the same across individuals after intravenous (IV) injection, when dosing by weight. However, adipose tissue has lower extracellular water (ECW) than lean tissue. The aims of this study were to measure (1) plasma Gd-DTPA2− levels vs body mass index (BMI), and (2) dGEMRIC vs BMI after correcting for the dose–BMI effect.Method(1) Plasma Gd-DTPA2− levels were analyzed at 3–90min after IV injection per body weight in 24 individuals with BMI between 21.5 and 46.5. (2) dGEMRIC was compared with BMI in 19 asymptomatic volunteers and 23 with osteoarthritis (OA).Results(1) Plasma Gd-DTPA2− kinetics were similar in obese and non-obese groups, however, overall concentration was higher in the obese group. A very obese subject (BMI 45) would have 1.4 times higher Gd-DTPA2− concentration than a lean subject (BMI 20), which translates into a bias in dGEMRIC of up to 20%. (2) With dose bias taken into account, dGEMRIC showed no correlation with BMI in asymptomatic knees. In OA knees, unnarrowed femoral compartments demonstrated a negative correlation between dGEMRIC and BMI (R=0.57, P=0.004). No correlation was seen in radiographically narrowed compartments.ConclusionBMI can be a source of dosing bias in dGEMRIC and a correction factor should be considered in cross-sectional studies with a large range of BMI. There is no correlation between dGEMRIC and BMI in asymptomatic knees, but a negative correlation in OA knees

Nonlinear Stability in the Generalised Photogravitational Restricted Three Body Problem with Poynting-Robertson Drag

The Nonlinear stability of triangular equilibrium points has been discussed in the generalised photogravitational restricted three body problem with Poynting-Robertson drag. The problem is generalised in the sense that smaller primary is supposed to be an oblate spheroid. The bigger primary is considered as radiating. We have performed first and second order normalization of the Hamiltonian of the problem. We have applied KAM theorem to examine the condition of non-linear stability. We have found three critical mass ratios. Finally we conclude that triangular points are stable in the nonlinear sense except three critical mass ratios at which KAM theorem fails.Comment: Including Poynting-Robertson Drag the triangular equilibrium points are stable in the nonlinear sense except three critical mass ratios at which KAM theorem fail