A Study on Consumer Behaviour at Organized Fish Retail Outlet

Indian consumers have been buying fish from the unhygienic fish markets, but of late fish has become available at many of the multi-format retail outlets. Consumers’ behaviour at organized fish retail outlets in Mumbai has been studied. The majority of consumers are young (25-35 years) and belong to upper middle class. Fresh fish is the preferred choice and about 60 per cent consumers have emphasized on freshness rather than price of fish. About 97 per cent consumers have recently shifted to organized retail outlets from local markets for purchasing fish. The majority of consumers (84.3%) have been found to be species-specific while buying fish. Quality and convenience have been found to be the major factors responsible for shift from local markets. Sensory evaluation of CIFE’s value-added products like fish munch, fish keema, prawn pickle and prawn masala have shown a positive feedback from the consumers as about 62 per cent have rated the parameters like taste, texture, odour, price, etc. highly. However, appearance and packaging have received average feedback, indicating the need to make products more attractive. A majority of consumers (72%) have shown willingness to buy these products and 95 per cent wish to try new products, in both fresh and processed forms, indicating changing consumption pattern in the urban areas. The study has argued that since the technology to prepare such products is already available with Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai and other institutes like CIFT, Kochi, this can be readily extended to the willing entrepreneurs and women SHGs.Organized retailing, Purchasing behaviour, Consumer’s awareness, Fish and fisheries products, CIFE technology, Agricultural and Food Policy, Q13, Q22,

Role of Initial Data in Higher Dimensional Quasi-Spherical Gravitational Collapse

We study the gravitational collapse in ($n+2$)-D quasi-spherical Szekeres space-time (which possess no killing vectors) with dust as the matter distribution. Instead of choosing the radial coordinate `$r$' as the initial value for the scale factor $R$, we consider a power function of $r$ as the initial scale for the radius $R$. We examine the influence of initial data on the formation of singularity in gravitational collapse.Comment: 7 Latex Pages, RevTex Style, No figure

Higher dimensional dust collapse with a cosmological constant

The general solution of the Einstein equation for higher dimensional (HD) spherically symmetric collapse of inhomogeneous dust in presence of a cosmological term, i.e., exact interior solutions of the Einstein field equations is presented for the HD Tolman-Bondi metrics imbedded in a de Sitter background. The solution is then matched to exterior HD Scwarschild-de Sitter. A brief discussion on the causal structure singularities and horizons is provided. It turns out that the collapse proceed in the same way as in the Minkowski background, i.e., the strong curvature naked singularities form and that the higher dimensions seem to favor black holes rather than naked singularities.Comment: 7 Pages, no figure

Higher Dimensional Cosmology with Some Dark Energy Models in Emergent, Logamediate and Intermediate Scenarios of the Universe

We have considered N-dimensional Einstein field equations in which four-dimensional space-time is described by a FRW metric and that of extra dimensions by an Euclidean metric. We have chosen the exponential forms of scale factors a and d numbers of b in such a way that there is no singularity for evolution of the higher dimensional Universe. We have supposed that the Universe is filled with K-essence, Tachyonic, Normal Scalar Field and DBI-essence. Here we have found the nature of potential of different scalar field and graphically analyzed the potentials and the fields for three scenario namely Emergent Scenario, Logamediate Scenario and Intermediate Scenario. Also graphically we have depicted the geometrical parameters named statefinder parameters and slow-roll parameters in the higher dimensional cosmology with the above mentioned scenarios.Comment: 21 pages, 36 figure

Gravitational Collapse in Generalized Vaidya Space-Time for Lovelock Gravity Theory

In this work, we have assumed the generalized Vaidya solution in Lovelock theory of gravity in $(n+2)$-dimensions. It has been shown that Gauss-Bonnet gravity, dimensionally continued Lovelock gravity and pure Lovelock gravity can be constructed by suitable choice of parameters. We have investigated the occurrence of singularities formed by the gravitational collapse in above three particular forms of Lovelock theory of gravity. The dependence of the nature of singularity on the existence of radial null geodesic for Vaidya space-time has been specially considered. In all the three models, we have shown that the nature of singularities (naked singularity or black hole) completely depend on the parameters. Choices of various parameters are shown in tabular form. In Gauss-Bonnet gravity theory, it can be concluded that the possibility of naked singularity increases with increase in dimensions. In dimensionally continued Lovelock gravity, the naked singularity is possible for odd dimensions for several values of parameters. In pure Lovelock gravity, only black hole forms due to the gravitational collapse for any values of parameters. It has been shown that when accretion is taking place on a collapsing object, it is highly unlikely to get a black hole. Finally on considering the phantom era in the expanding universe it is observed that there is no possibility of formation of a black hole if we are in the Gauss-Bonnet gravity considering the accreting procedure upon a collapsing object.Comment: 11 page

Bulk Viscous LRS Biachi-I Universe with variable GG and decaying Λ\Lambda

The present study deals with spatially homogeneous and totally anisotropic locally rotationally symmetric (LRS) Bianchi type I cosmological model with variable $G$ and $\Lambda$ in presence of imperfect fluid. To get the deterministic model of Universe, we assume that the expansion $(\theta)$ in the model is proportional to shear $(\sigma)$. This condition leads to $A=\ell B^{n}$, where $A$,\;$B$ are metric potential. The cosmological constant $\Lambda$ is found to be decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at late time which is supported by recent Supernovae Ia (SN Ia) observations. Also it is evident that the distance modulus curve of derived model matches with observations perfectly.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures and 1 table, Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Scienc

FRW Cosmology with Variable G and Lambda

We have considered a cosmological model of the FRW universe with variable $G$ and $\Lambda$. The solutions have been obtained for flat model with particular form of cosmological constant. The cosmological parameters have also been obtained for dust, radiation and stiff matter. The statefinder parameters are analyzed and have shown that these depends only on $w$ and $\epsilon$. Further the lookback time, proper distance, luminosity distance and angular diameter distance have also been calculated for our model.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figure

Estimation of Demand for Different Fish Groups in Tripura

This paper has estimated the demand and income elasticity for different fish types in Tripura and has projected the demand of fish. Three-stage multiple budgeting framework of household was structured in simple way mitigating the drawback of limited sample size and aggregation problem. The coefficient of food and fish expenditure functions for urban, rural and overall Tripura have been found to be positive and significant, indicating that the response of food expenditure to income changes and fish expenditure to food budget changes are substantial. All the coefficients of specific fish consumption (local carps, local non-carps, inter-state non-carps and small weed fish) have been found to be significant, except for the coefficient of inter-state carps (IC) consumption function. Looking at the variability of income elasticities across the Choiced Fish Groups (CFGs), all CFGs have substantial importance with respect to income change, except inter-state carps (IC) which is likely to have no relation with the change in income basket for the consumers. The income elasticity of demand for local carps in Tripura has been found highest among all the CFGs and is expected to play a dominating role in meeting fish demand. Demand for the fish under the baseline scenario (considering base year 2004) is likely to grow at an annual rate of 3.38 per cent for the state and at the rate of 3.95 per cent and 2.00 per cent for urban and rural areas, respectively between 2004 and 2015. The demand for fish by 2015 has been projected as 80,153 Mt shared by 62,910 Mt of carps (local and inter-state) and 17,243 Mt of non-carps. The demand for local carps has been projected to be nearly 50 percent (40,624 Mt) of total projected demand of fish in 2015

A Study on Consumer Behaviour at Organized Fish Retail Outlet

Indian consumers have been buying fish from the unhygienic fish markets, but of late fish has become available at many of the multi-format retail outlets. Consumers’ behaviour at organized fish retail outlets in Mumbai has been studied. The majority of consumers are young (25-35 years) and belong to upper middle class. Fresh fish is the preferred choice and about 60 per cent consumers have emphasized on freshness rather than price of fish. About 97 per cent consumers have recently shifted to organized retail outlets from local markets for purchasing fish. The majority of consumers (84.3%) have been found to be species-specific while buying fish. Quality and convenience have been found to be the major factors responsible for shift from local markets. Sensory evaluation of CIFE’s value-added products like fish munch, fish keema, prawn pickle and prawn masala have shown a positive feedback from the consumers as about 62 per cent have rated the parameters like taste, texture, odour, price, etc. highly. However, appearance and packaging have received average feedback, indicating the need to make products more attractive. A majority of consumers (72%) have shown willingness to buy these products and 95 per cent wish to try new products, in both fresh and processed forms, indicating changing consumption pattern in the urban areas. The study has argued that since the technology to prepare such products is already available with Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai and other institutes like CIFT, Kochi, this can be readily extended to the willing entrepreneurs and women SHGs