41 research outputs found
A study of supercooling of the disordered vortex phase via minor hysteresis loops in 2H-NbSe_2
We report on the observation of novel features in the minor hysteresis loops
in a clean crystal of NbSe_2 which displays a peak effect. The observed
behavior can be explained in terms of a supercooling of the disordered vortex
phase while cooling the superconductor in a field. Also, the extent of spatial
order in a flux line lattice formed in ascending fields is different from (and
larger than) that in the descending fields below the peak position of the peak
effect; this is attributed to unequal degree of annealing of the state induced
by a change of field in the two cases.Comment: 5 pages of text + 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
K-region epoxides of polycyclic hydrocarbons: Formation and further metabolism of benz[a] anthracene 5, 6-oxide by human lung preparations
Metabolic activation of food mutagens 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (MelQ) to DNA binding species in human mammary epithelial cells
Polycyclic hydrocarbon epoxides: The involvement of 8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxybenz (a) anthracene 10,11-oxide in reactions with the DNA of benz (a) anthracene-treated hamster embryo cells
Metabolic activation of polycyclic hydrocarbons Fluorescence spectral evidence is consistent with metabolism at the 1,2- and 3,4-double bonds of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene
The enzyme-catalysed conversion of a non-‘bay-region’ diol-epoxide of benz[a] anthracene into a glutathione conjugate
The metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene by homogenates of the stomach and small intestine of mice
Supplementary Material for: A Comparative Study of Bronchoscopic Microsample Probe versus Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Burns-Related Inhalational Injury, Acute Lung Injury and Chronic Stable Lung Disease
<b><i>Background and Objectives:</i></b> The bronchoscopic microsample (BMS) probe allows direct epithelial lining fluid (ELF) level measurement without saline lavage. We investigated whether cytokine levels in ELF from a BMS differed from those obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in stable and acute lung disease. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In a single-centre, prospective observational cohort study of 45 patients, a sequential BMS probe procedure and BAL were performed on patients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease, interstitial lung disease, acute lung injury (ALI), burns-related inhalational injury or controls. ELF samples were assayed for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and G-CSF. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Both bronchoscopic microsampling and BAL showed significantly higher cytokine levels in the ELF from patients with ALI and burns-related inhalational injury than from those with chronic stable lung disease. The BMS method detected cytokine levels approximately 20- to 80-fold higher than the corresponding BAL (uncorrected for dilution). The ratio of BMS and BAL cytokine levels was as follows: the ratio for IL-1β [mean 55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 34-88] was higher than that for IL-6 (mean 16, 95% CI 10-23, p = 0.015) and IL-8 (mean 13, 95% CI -5 to 36, p = 0.03). The ratio for G-CSF (mean 43, 95% CI 24-75) was higher than that for IL-6 (mean 16, 95% CI 10-23, p = 0.008). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The BMS probe safely collects ELF with higher equivalent inflammatory cytokine concentrations than via BAL from patients with both acute and chronic lung disease and can be an alternative to saline BAL. Variations in cytokine concentrations between BMS and BAL and sampling-site differences warrant further study