Handling of Congestion in Cluster Computing Environment Using Mobile Agent Approach

Computer networks have experienced an explosive growth over the past few years and with that growth have come severe congestion problems. Congestion must be prevented in order to maintain good network performance. In this paper, we proposed a cluster based framework to control congestion over network using mobile agent. The cluster implementation involves the designing of a server which manages the configuring, resetting of cluster. Our framework handles - the generation of application mobile code, its distribution to appropriate client, efficient handling of results, so generated and communicated by a number of client nodes and recording of execution time of application. The client node receives and executes the mobile code that defines the distributed job submitted by server and replies the results back. We have also the analyzed the performance of the developed system emphasizing the tradeoff between communication and computation overhead. The effectiveness of proposed framework is analyzed using JDK 1.5

Simulator for Resource Optimization of Job Scheduling in a Grid Framework

Traditionally, computer software2019;s has been written for serial computation. This software is to be run on a single computer with a single Central Processing Unit (CPU). A problem is broken into a discrete serial of instructions that executed in the exact order, one after another. Only one instruction can be executed at any moment of time on a single CPU. Parallel computing, on the other hand, is the simultaneous use of multiple computer resources to solve a computational problem. The program is to be run using multiple CPU2019;s. A problem is broken into discrete parts that can be solved concurrently and executed simultaneously on different CPU2019;s. The purpose of this proposed work is to develop a simulator using Java for the implementation of Job scheduling and shows that Parallel Execution is efficient with respect to serial execution in terms of time, speed and resources

Biolarvicides in vector control : challenges and prospects

Biolarvicides, based on mosquitocidal toxins of certain strains of Bacillus sphaericus and Bacillusthuringiensis var israelensis H-14 (Bti) are highly effective against mosquito larvae at very lowdoses and safe to other non-target organisms. During past two decades various biolarvicide formulationsproduced in India and abroad have been tested at Malaria Research Centre and some formulationshave undergone large-scale operational trials. Biolarvicide formulations of B. sphaericusare useful in the control of Culex and certain Anopheles spp, such as An. stephensi and An. subpictus,but not much effective against An. culicifacies and almost ineffective against Aedes aegypti.Repeated application of B. sphaericus in the same habitat, however, results in the developmentof resistance in larvae of target mosquitoes. In view of its low specificity for An. culicifacies andthe potential for resistance in An. stephensi, B. sphaericus has limited prospects for control of malariavectors. However, with some resistance management, B. sphaericus can still be used againstCulex mosquitoes. On the other hand Bti formulations, which have broader spectrum of activityagainst Aedes, Culex and Anopheles spp, have not shown significant development of resistance inmosquitoes but their activity in field, particularly against surface feeding anopheline larvae is affectedby various bioenvironmental factors, thus requiring weekly application in most habitats. Toovercome this problem development of slow release formulations and genetically engineered biolarvicidesby transplanting mosquitocidal toxin genes of Bti and B. sphaericus in some other environmentallycompatible organisms have been investigated by different scientists

Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of Pine (Pinus longifolia, Family: Pinaceae) oil

Background & objectives: Various plant-based products are safe and biodegradable alternatives tosynthetic chemicals for use against mosquitoes. Oil of Pinus longifolia is traditionally used forprotection against mosquitoes in some rural areas but there is no documented report of its use againstmosquitoes. The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the activity of Pine oilagainst mosquitoes.Methods: The oil was procured from the market and its contents were chemically analysed. Larvicidalactivity of oil was tested in laboratory bioassays, while repellent action was studied during wholenight bait collections in field by direct application on the skin and after its impregnation on mats.Results: Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of Pine oil against mosquitoes with LC50values ranging between 82 and 112 ppm. The Pine oil had strong repellent action against mosquitoesas it provided 100% protection against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h and 97% protection againstCulex quinquefasciatus for nine hours respectively. Electrically heated mats prepared from Pine oilprovided, 94 and 88% protection against An. culicifacies and Cx. quinquefasciatus for 10 and sevenhours respectively.Interpretaion & conclusion: Pine oil is effective against mosquito larvae at very higher doses whichare not of any practical utility. However, Pine oil showed strong repellent action against An. culicifacies(malaria vector) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (pest mosquito). Thus its use could be popularised asmosquito repellent

Evaluation of the impact of ZeroFly® , an insecticide incorporated plastic sheeting on malaria incidence in two temporary labour shelters in India

Background & objectives: Prevention of malaria is a major technical and operational problem in displaced andmobile populations such as refugee camps and temporary labour settlements. Insecticide incorporated plasticsheeting is a new technology to control mosquitoes in emergency shelters and also temporary habitations atdifferent locations. In view of this, efficacy of ZeroFly®, an insecticide incorporated plastic sheeting (factorytreated with deltamethrin 2.0 g/kg or 265 mg/m2) was evaluated for its efficacy against malaria vectors and itsimpact on malaria incidence in temporary labour settlements in two urban areas in India.Methods: This trial was conducted in two labour settlements in two urban areas, Delhi and Noida (U.P.), Indiawith ~ 250 populations. In an area, two localities were selected for intervention with ZeroFly and untreatedplastic sheets (control). Entomological and epidemiological data were collected using standard methods for one year.Results: Baseline studies on the susceptibility of mosquitoes in Delhi and Noida areas revealed 100% susceptibilityof the malaria vector species Anopheles culicifacies and An. stephensi to deltamethrin. Cone bioassay testsperformed against An. culicifacies and An. stephensi to determine the efficacy of ZeroFly sheets showed 100%mortality against An. culicifacies and An. stephensi with 3 min exposure and after 24 h recovery period. AgainstCulex quinquefasciatus and housefly 100% mortality was obtained after 30 min of exposure period. Interventionwith the ZeroFly plastic sheets resulted in almost complete reduction in the resting density of An. culicifaciesand An. stephensi, the two major malaria vectors and also in the reduction of malaria cases in ZeroFly camps ascompared to control camps. The ZeroFly plastic sheeting was found to be safe for human. Barring some complaintsof skin irritation and itching, which were temporary in nature, no adverse health effects were reported by theusers. The community acceptance was high.Conclusion: Results of the present study revealed that ZeroFly® plastic sheeting is highly effective in reducingthe indoor resting density of mosquitoes, man-vector contact and malaria incidences in labour populations livingin temporary shelters

DRWH systems and mosquito breeding and its control

DRWH systems and mosquito breeding and its contro