Auditory ERB like admissible wavelet packet features for TIMIT phoneme recognition

In recent years wavelet transform has been found to be an effective tool for time–frequency analysis. Wavelet transform has been used as feature extraction in speech recognition applications and it has proved to be an effective technique for unvoiced phoneme classification. In this paper a new filter structure using admissible wavelet packet is analyzed for English phoneme recognition. These filters have the benefit of having frequency bands spacing similar to the auditory Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth (ERB) scale. Central frequencies of ERB scale are equally distributed along the frequency response of human cochlea. A new sets of features are derived using wavelet packet transform's multi-resolution capabilities and found to be better than conventional features for unvoiced phoneme problems. Some of the noises from NOISEX-92 database has been used for preparing the artificial noisy database to test the robustness of wavelet based features

Articulation based admissible wavelet packet feature based on human cochlear frequency response for TIMIT speech recognition

To deal with non-stationary and quasi-stationary signals, wavelet transform has been used as an effective tool for the time-frequency analysis. In the recent years, wavelet transform has been used extensively for feature extraction in noisy speech recognition. These filters have the benefit of having frequency bands spacing similar to the auditory Equivalent Rectangular Bandwidth (ERB) scale. Central frequencies of ERB are equally distributed with the frequency response of the human cochlea. This paper deals with the speaker-independent Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system for continuous speech. This Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based ASR system was developed for English using recordings of four regions taken from TIMIT database. A new set of features were derived using wavelet packet transform’s multi-resolution capabilities and having an advantage of ERB filter based on the human cochlea. New set of wavelet features have shown significant improvements in the noisy environment, especially at low SNR values

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Not AvailableRiver Brahmani is the second largest river system in Odisha and sustains rich diversity of fish and livelihood of fishers. In recent years a decline in fish catch due to various anthropogenic activities in the river basin is evident. The study analyses the present fish diversity, distribution pattern and community structure along the longitudinal gradient of the river and evaluates its ecological integrity applying a multimetric assessment method. Sixty fish species were recorded from the river, Cyprinidae being the dominant family. The middle and lower stretches of the river showed dominance of small bodied eurytopic, indigenous fish species with periodic and opportunistic life history strategies with decline of the Indian Major Carps. A trophic shift towards dominance of omnivorous species is evident. Non-metric multidimensional scaling revealed greater distribution and abundance of fish species with increasing river depth, along the river gradient. Assessment of biotic integrity showed that 27 % of the sampling sites in the river supported fish assemblage in acceptable condition.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe effect of vacuum packing and ambient storage conditions on the stability of the β-carotene in the transgenic Golden Rice® lines was studied. The β-carotene was quantified using RP-HPLC at bimonthly intervals for a period of six months. The β-carotene concentration in the genotypes analyzed ranged from 7.13 to 22.81 µg/g of endosperm. The transgene being the same in all the genotypes, variation in the β-carotene concentration reflects on the genetic background of the rice variety and the transgene position that governed the differential accumulation of β-carotene. It was observed that in the absence of light, oxidative degradation is higher followed by thermal degradation. Weibull model with higher R2 best explained the degradation kinetics of β-carotene in Golden Rice® lines across all the storage conditions. The knowledge generated through this study can be utilized in devising an effective delivery system for Golden Rice® to the consumer.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableBakanae or foot rot disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi (teleomorph: Gibberella fujikuroi, Sawada, Wollenweber) is emerging as a serious disease of rice. A simple, reliable and high-throughput method for screening the disease would enable rapid screening of germplasm aimed at identifying resistance sources, mapping QTLs/genes and developing resistant rice cultivars. In the present study, a highthroughput, reliable bioassay to screen rice germplasm for resistance to bakanae disease was developed and compared with the conventional screening technique. This technique involves soaking of rice seeds in fungal spore suspension (1.0x106 spores ml–1) for 24 hours at room temperature. Seedling growth at 30°/25° (±3)°C day/night temperature and 60/80(±10)% day/night relative humidity in glasshouse gave the best results. The new protocol described here produces consistent and reproducible bakanae disease symptoms and enables screening of hundreds of rice germplasm within 15 days without any loss of precision in screening of rice genotypes against bakanae disease. The resistant and susceptible genotypes can be used for developing mapping population and identification of QTLs/genes conferring resistance to bakanae diseaseNot Availabl

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Not AvailableRice is sensitive to heat stress at gametogenesis and anthesis stages. For sustaining rice yields under the predicted threat of reproductive stage heat stress (RSHS), identification of tolerant donors as well as mapping of genes governing tolerance is crucial. Recently a NERICA (NEwRIce for AfriCA) rice genotype, NL44 has been reported tolerant to RSHS. The present study aims to survey a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from the cross, Pusa Basmati 1 (PB1)/NL44 using markers linked to 54 RSHS quantitative trait loci (QTLs) through phenotypic and genotypic characterization. When exposed to RSHS, the susceptible parent PB1 and several RILs showed significant reduction for spikelet fertility and grain yield plant−1 relative to NL44. Both these traits and the estimated stress tolerance index (STI) showed a quantitative pattern of inheritance. Out of the 116 SSR markers surveyed, 31 markers were polymorphic between PB1 and NL44. No discernible associations could be found through a preliminary bulked segregant analysis with these markers. A subsequent single marker analysis revealed five minor QTLs, four for spikelet fertility under heat stress and two for STI-spikelet fertility, of which one QTL was mapped for both the traits. These QTLs, however, could explain a very low level of total phenotypic variation. Additionally, the cumulative additive effect of these QTLs could account only for a possible 30% of the contrast between PB1 and NL44. Thus, the study clearly establishes that NL44 has novel genomic regions for RSHS tolerance.Not Availabl