A new piroplasm (Sauroplasma thomasi n.g., n.sp.) of a lizard (Zonurus giganteus, Smith)

A parasite is described which infects red blood corpuscles of the giant girdle-tailed lizard Zonurus giganteus, Smith. The relationship of this parasite to other organisms is discussed and the conclusion is reached that it represents a new genus of the sporozoan family Piroplasmidae (Babesidae). The name Sauroplasma thomasi is proposed for it.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Includes bibliographical referencesab201

Sprachspiele : Grundlagen und Stellenwert im Fremdsprachenunterricht (German)

The aim of this study is to prove that there is a need for innovative teaching methods in the foreign language classroom. This need arises from the fact that traditional and more conventional teaching methods tend to focus on analytical learning and left brain hemisphere activity, thereby alienating learners that are more inclined to holistic, right brain learning. The current study addresses this problem by showing in which ways the learner of German as a foreign language can benefit from the inclusion of language games in lessons. The research is directed towards indicating that games provide a basis for stimulating all the senses, thereby facilitating total learning. Many learners of German as a foreign language seem to get stuck somewhere in the process of foreign language acquisition, seemingly unable to progress to an acceptable level of communicating/expressing themselves effectively in the foreign language. The objective of this study therefore is to show how the implementation of language games can dynamically work against this problem. Specifically, the goals of this research project are: 1 To show in which ways language games can be used not only to motivate foreign language learners, but also to lift the barrier where motivation has been blocked, 2 To show in which ways language games fulfill the requirements of total learning / holistic learning (using all the senses, stimulating both brain hemispheres etc.), 3 To show in which ways language games form part of a communicative approach, simulating real-life situations, thereby enabling foreign language speakers to communicate more effectively. The type of study conducted in this mini-dissertation is of an interpretive nature. Theories on motivation, total learning, communicative approaches and the didactic value of games/playing are discussed in the various chapters. Information, gathered from various literature sources, has been organized so as to facilitate comparison as data-analysis technique. From the resulting comparisons, the findings of various researchers/authors have been synthesized in order to draw conclusions regarding the role of language games. Some practical recommendations follow to indicate how foreign language lessons can be structured in such a way that language games can be implemented to the benefit of students of German as a foreign language.Dissertation (MA (German))--University of Pretoria, 2005.Modern European Languagesunrestricte

Gender expression and inflorescence structure of Pappea capensis Eckl. and Zeyh. (Sapindaceae)

AbstractGender and the structure of the inflorescence and flowers of Pappea capensis (Sapindaceae) are investigated in a locality around Pretoria (22–27°S and 25–32°E). The trees flower over a long period (December to April) and are basically monoecious, starting with male flowers followed by female flowers towards the end of the flowering period, although some trees may be predominantly male and some predominantly female. The inflorescence is a reduced thyrse with small flowers. Male flowers have five ephemeral petals, eight stamens and a rudimental pistil. Female flowers comprise a 3-lobed ovary, a single style and stigma and eight staminodes

D.D.T. for the protection of sheep against blowfly strike

Sheep treated at Onderstepoort with emulsions containing 5 per cent. and 2•5 per cent. para para isomer of D.D.T. on selected sites on the fleece, and subsequently tested on these treated sites by artificially induced strikes with first-stage larvae of blowflies, were protected for a period of approximately three months. A field experiment in the Graaff-Reinet district of the Karroo is described in which sheep were sprayed in the breech region with emulsions containing 6 per cent., 5 per cent. and 2•5 per cent. of the p.p. isomer of D.D.T. A considerable degree of protection was afforded which was more apparent on sheep pastured on Karroo veld than on those running in lucerne lands. The conclusion arrived at is that the treatment of sheep, according to the method described, with a D.D.T. emulsion containing 5 per cent. of the p.p. isomer will afford a degree of protection sufficient to reduce blowfly strike to a minimum during the periods of greatest activity. Treatment is best applied shortly after the first summer rains about September and again after the late summer rains in February.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Iodine in the nutrition of sheep. Final report

1. Two groups of 10 merino ewes were fed the same adequate basal ration with the exception that one group received an addition of 0.05 gms. each daily of potassium iodide. 2. A slight depression of weight and greater irregularity in regard to the reproduction was shown by the group that received the iodine supplement. The detrimental effects, however, were not as marked as recorded in previous work where other deficiencies, especially vitamin A, undoubtedly exercised an aggravating influence on reproductive abnormalities. 3. The indiscriminate use of iodine supplements for sheep is not recommended.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Studies in mineral metabolism. XXXIII. Iodine in the nutrition of sheep. Second report

1. Data are presented on the effect of KI in the feed of 40 merino ewes for a period of 30 months. 2. The quantities of KI given per sheep daily were 0.002 grm., 0.02 grm., 0.06 grm. in three groups respectively, while one group received no KI and acted as controls. 3. Observations were made on the food consumption, weight increase, wool production, reproduction and health of the animals for the full period of the experiment. Further, observations were made on the oestrus cycle of the ewes and no significant group differences were observed. 4. The animals were fed in individual feeding boxes except the hay, which was given ad lib. 5. It is concluded that neither the small dose nor the bigger quantities of KI fed had any visible effect on the weights, wool production and reproduction of the animals. 6. It is also pointed out that the ill effects ascribed to iodide feeding in the earlier work were apparently aggravated by another deficiency, the possibility of the existence of which was not considered in the earlier work, viz. vitamin A. 7. It is concluded that the addition of KI to sheep licks is unwarranted, may even produce visibly detrimental effects under conditions of drought, when a vitamin A shortage may exist, and is to be discouraged in practical farming unless there is reason for believing that an iodine deficiency exists. 8. Further work on the effects of iodine feeding under practical conditions, as for instance during severe droughts when apparently detrimental effects may be experienced, is being undertaken. The writers wish to acknowledge gratefully the assistance of Mr. A. P. Malan, Statistician, in dealing with the results given in the lambing charts.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590;300dpi. adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

A study of the mineral content and feeding value of natural pastures in the Union of South Africa (Final report)

(1) The chemical composition of grass pastures differs in many respects considerably from that of bush pastures. Especially is this the case in connection with the changes to which the composition of pastures are subject with changing meteorological conditions from January to December. (2) Hush pastures are on the whole richer in all the constituents determined than are grass pastures. Another distinguishing feature in the two veld types is the difference in chemical composition between winter and summer pasturage: whereas the former type shows only minor fluctuations in the course of the year, the difference in the percentage contents of certain constituents during winter and summer are considerable in the case of grass pastures. (3) Qualitative differences in the pastures of specific regions within any one of the two main veld types are also encountered. (4) Expressed as percentages of the dry matter the phosphorus content of grass pastures is 0.12-0.17 during summer and 0.05-0.07 during winter. In the pastures composed mainly of bushes this constituent varies between 0.11 and 0.20 per cent. Crude protein values of the grass pastures fall from 7.0-9.0 per cent. in summer to 3.3-4.0 per cent. in winter, while the percentage of this constituent in those pastures composed mainly or wholly of bushes varies between 7.0 and 10.0 in the course of the year. (5) Calcium and magnesium values show only minor seasonal variations. Differences in the percentage contents of these constituents are, however, appreciable in the pastures of one region as against those of another. Expressed as an annual mean the variation in the calcium and magnesium contents of grass pastures in different regions are 0.25-0.48 per cent. and 0.12-0.21 per cent., respectively. Similarly, the calcium and magnesium averages for bush pastures are 0.60-1.05 per cent. and 0.21-0.37 per cent., respectively, depending on the region. (6) Maximum potassium and chlorine values occurring during summer in the grass pastures are 1.32-2.31 per cent. and 0.32-0.59 per cent., respectively. During winter the former constituent varies between 0.29 and 0.63 per cent. and the latter between 0.06 and 0.22 per cent. in the grass pastures of different regions. Sodium average figures fall from a maximum of 0.08 per cent. to a minimum of only 0. 0 per cent. in some grass pastures while in others these values vary between 0.10 and 0.25 per cent. in the course of the year. (7) The percentage potassium remains comparatively high throughout the year in most bush pastures. Values seldom are below 1.00 per cent., while most figures fluctuate between 1.40 and 2.00 per cent. Sodium and chlorine averages are exceptionally high in some of the pastures composed mainly of bushes. Thus, for the greater part of the year figures for sodium are 1.00-1.86 per cent., and chlorine values exceed 0.70 per cent. (8) Crude fibre averages are lowest in pasture at the younger stages of growth, the mean annual variation is 3.6-37.2 per cent. for grass pastures and 32.0-35.0 per cent. for bush pastures. (9) Calcium-phosphorus ratios ranging from 2.00:1 to 11.60:1 occur in the dry matter of South African pastures. (10) Judged by the estimated requirements of cattle and sheep for growth all South African natural pastures, composed mainly or wholly of grasses are deficient in phosphorus, crude protein and, in certain areas, sodium for a period ranging from five to nine months of the year, depending on the area. There are indications that in certain of these regions the pasture may be deficient in phosphorus throughout the year. Furthermore, on the basis of the average values for phosphorus these grass pastures contain at no time of the year sufficient of this nutrient to provide in the requirement for an additional function (e.g., gestation or lactation) of the animal, superimposed on growth. (11) Provided sufficient food is available an intake of phosphorus, crude protein or sodium below the optimum requirements for growth will seldom occur on pastures composed mainly of bushes. (12) The requirements of calcium, magnesium and potassium for growth and moderate milk production will at all times be met by the amounts of these constituents present in South African pastures. Especially is the danger of a potassium and magnesium deficiency extremely remote. (13) The pastures of the Union are at no time deficient in chlorine. A cow producing two gallons of milk may, however, not ingest sufficient of this constituent on the winter pastures of some of the grassland regions.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

The immunization of mules with formalised horsesickness virus. Part II

In a previous communication [this Bull. 3. 538.] it was shown that mules could be protected against horsesickness by a suitable formalinized vaccine. Further work has confirmed these results and indicated that a spleen virus attenuated by 1:2, 000 formalin protected against a 1:3, 500 concentration, while mules which survived the double inoculation were solidly immune. The method was not entirely devoid of danger as a mortality rate from the vaccine of about 5 per cent may be expected. The substitution of Tyrode's solution in place of saline as a diluent for the spleen emulsions failed to improve the vaccine.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Eperythrozoon ovis (sp. nov.) infection in sheep

A brief review of a portion of the literature on Bartonella, Grahamella and Eperythrozoon is given. A new species of blood parasite of sheep is described for which the name Eperythrozoon ovis is proposed. The symptomatology of the disease produced by Ep. Ovis is detailed. The tentative proposal is made to unite the four genera Anaplasma, Grahamella, Bartonella and Eperythrozoon into one family the Anaplasmidae.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn2015mn201

Studies in mineral metabolism XXXV. The role of iodine in the nutrition of sheep

When the daily ration of Merino ewes contained 0.05 gm. KI for a period of about twelve months no effects were observed in bodyweight and food consumption. Reproduction was, however, abnormal in all the groups receiving the KI supplement, the effects of which were more pronouncedly deleterious in sheep on a carotene low diet than when 200 grm. greenfeed were supplied daily. The response to increased protein feeding in the form of bloodmeal was marked by the detrimental effect of KI on reproduction. As all the rations can easily be improved both in quality and palatability it cannot be inferred that the quantity of KI given will affect reproduction in sheep adversely under ideal feeding conditions. The conclusion is justified, however, that when greenfeed is absent or inadequate as frequently happens in practice good quality protein is not available and the incorporation of KI in sheep licks is distinctly dangerous and may even cause losses due to abnormal reproduction.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 300dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format