1,289 research outputs found
Small Extended Generalized Quadrangles
We consider extensions of generalized quadrangles with parameters (s, t), and establish lower bounds (in terms of s and t) for the number of points, sometimes under additional hypotheses. We also study the structure of geometries attaining these bounds, give several constructions and some uniqueness proofs, and examine the question of further extensions
Plausibility functions and exact frequentist inference
In the frequentist program, inferential methods with exact control on error
rates are a primary focus. The standard approach, however, is to rely on
asymptotic approximations, which may not be suitable. This paper presents a
general framework for the construction of exact frequentist procedures based on
plausibility functions. It is shown that the plausibility function-based tests
and confidence regions have the desired frequentist properties in finite
samples---no large-sample justification needed. An extension of the proposed
method is also given for problems involving nuisance parameters. Examples
demonstrate that the plausibility function-based method is both exact and
efficient in a wide variety of problems.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, 3 table
Interactions, Distribution of Pinning Energies, and Transport in the Bose Glass Phase of Vortices in Superconductors
We study the ground state and low energy excitations of vortices pinned to
columnar defects in superconductors, taking into account the long--range
interaction between the fluxons. We consider the ``underfilled'' situation in
the Bose glass phase, where each flux line is attached to one of the defects,
while some pins remain unoccupied. By exploiting an analogy with disordered
semiconductors, we calculate the spatial configurations in the ground state, as
well as the distribution of pinning energies, using a zero--temperature Monte
Carlo algorithm minimizing the total energy with respect to all possible
one--vortex transfers. Intervortex repulsion leads to strong correlations
whenever the London penetration depth exceeds the fluxon spacing. A pronounced
peak appears in the static structure factor for low filling fractions . Interactions lead to a broad Coulomb gap in the distribution of
pinning energies near the chemical potential , separating
the occupied and empty pins. The vanishing of at leads to a
considerable reduction of variable--range hopping vortex transport by
correlated flux line pinning.Comment: 16 pages (twocolumn), revtex, 16 figures not appended, please contact
[email protected]
Kosterlitz Thouless Universality in Dimer Models
Using the monomer-dimer representation of strongly coupled U(N) lattice gauge
theories with staggered fermions, we study finite temperature chiral phase
transitions in (2+1) dimensions. A new cluster algorithm allows us to compute
monomer-monomer and dimer-dimer correlations at zero monomer density (chiral
limit) accurately on large lattices. This makes it possible to show
convincingly, for the first time, that these models undergo a finite
temperature phase transition which belongs to the Kosterlitz-Thouless
universality class. We find that this universality class is unaffected even in
the large N limit. This shows that the mean field analysis often used in this
limit breaks down in the critical region.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Universality of Frequency and Field Scaling of the Conductivity Measured by Ac-Susceptibility of a Ybco-Film
Utilizing a novel and exact inversion scheme, we determine the complex linear
conductivity from the linear magnetic ac-susceptibility
which has been measured from 3\,mHz to 50\,MHz in fields between 0.4\,T and
4\,T applied parallel to the c-axis of a 250\,nm thin disk. The frequency
derivative of the phase and the dynamical scaling of
above and below provide clear evidence for a
continuous phase transition at to a generic superconducting state. Based
on the vortex-glass scaling model, the resulting critical exponents and
are close to those frequently obtained on films by other means and
associated with an 'isotropic' vortex glass. The field effect on
can be related to the increase of the glass coherence length,
.Comment: 8 pages (5 figures upon request), revtex 3.0, APK.94.01.0
Properties of Flares-Generated Seismic Waves on the Sun
The solar seismic waves excited by solar flares (``sunquakes'') are observed
as circular expanding waves on the Sun's surface. The first sunquake was
observed for a flare of July 9, 1996, from the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory (SOHO) space mission. However, when the new solar cycle started in
1997, the observations of solar flares from SOHO did not show the seismic
waves, similar to the 1996 event, even for large X-class flares during the
solar maximum in 2000-2002. The first evidence of the seismic flare signal in
this solar cycle was obtained for the 2003 ``Halloween'' events, through
acoustic ``egression power'' by Donea and Lindsey. After these several other
strong sunquakes have been observed. Here, I present a detailed analysis of the
basic properties of the helioseismic waves generated by three solar flares in
2003-2005. For two of these flares, X17 flare of October 28, 2003, and X1.2
flare of January 15, 2005, the helioseismology observations are compared with
simultaneous observations of flare X-ray fluxes measured from the RHESSI
satellite. These observations show a close association between the flare
seismic waves and the hard X-ray source, indicating that high-energy electrons
accelerated during the flare impulsive phase produced strong compression waves
in the photosphere, causing the sunquake. The results also reveal new physical
properties such as strong anisotropy of the seismic waves, the amplitude of
which varies significantly with the direction of propagation. The waves travel
through surrounding sunspot regions to large distances, up to 120 Mm, without
significant decay. These observations open new perspectives for helioseismic
diagnostics of flaring active regions on the Sun and for understanding the
mechanisms of the energy release and transport in solar flares.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Ap
Can we Determine Electric Fields and Poynting Fluxes from Vector Magnetograms and Doppler Measurements?
The availability of vector magnetogram sequences with sufficient accuracy and
cadence to estimate the time derivative of the magnetic field allows us to use
Faraday's law to find an approximate solution for the electric field in the
photosphere, using a Poloidal-Toroidal Decomposition (PTD) of the magnetic
field and its partial time derivative. Without additional information, however,
the electric field found from this technique is under-determined -- Faraday's
law provides no information about the electric field that can be derived the
gradient of a scalar potential. Here, we show how additional information in the
form of line-of-sight Doppler flow measurements, and motions transverse to the
line-of-sight determined with ad-hoc methods such as local correlation
tracking, can be combined with the PTD solutions to provide much more accurate
solutions for the solar electric field, and therefore the Poynting flux of
electromagnetic energy in the solar photosphere. Reliable, accurate maps of the
Poynting flux are essential for quantitative studies of the buildup of magnetic
energy before flares and coronal mass ejections.Comment: Solar Physics, in press. 14 pages, 3 figure
Aging dynamics of heterogeneous spin models
We investigate numerically the dynamics of three different spin models in the
aging regime. Each of these models is meant to be representative of a distinct
class of aging behavior: coarsening systems, discontinuous spin glasses, and
continuous spin glasses. In order to study dynamic heterogeneities induced by
quenched disorder, we consider single-spin observables for a given disorder
realization. In some simple cases we are able to provide analytical predictions
for single-spin response and correlation functions.
The results strongly depend upon the model considered. It turns out that, by
comparing the slow evolution of a few different degrees of freedom, one can
distinguish between different dynamic classes. As a conclusion we present the
general properties which can be induced from our results, and discuss their
relation with thermometric arguments.Comment: 39 pages, 36 figure
Critical end point behaviour in a binary fluid mixture
We consider the liquid-gas phase boundary in a binary fluid mixture near its
critical end point. Using general scaling arguments we show that the diameter
of the liquid-gas coexistence curve exhibits singular behaviour as the critical
end point is approached. This prediction is tested by means of extensive
Monte-Carlo simulations of a symmetrical Lennard-Jones binary mixture within
the grand canonical ensemble. The simulation results show clear evidence for
the proposed singularity, as well as confirming a previously predicted
singularity in the coexistence chemical potential [Fisher and Upton, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 65, 2402 (1990)]. The results suggest that the observed singularities,
particularly that in the coexistence diameter, should also be detectable
experimentally.Comment: 17 pages Revtex, 11 epsf figures. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Two-Dimensional Spectroscopy of Photospheric Shear Flows in a Small delta Spot
In recent high-resolution observations of complex active regions,
long-lasting and well-defined regions of strong flows were identified in major
flares and associated with bright kernels of visible, near-infrared, and X-ray
radiation. These flows, which occurred in the proximity of the magnetic neutral
line, significantly contributed to the generation of magnetic shear. Signatures
of these shear flows are strongly curved penumbral filaments, which are almost
tangential to sunspot umbrae rather than exhibiting the typical radial
filamentary structure. Solar active region NOAA 10756 was a moderately complex,
beta-delta sunspot group, which provided an opportunity to extend previous
studies of such shear flows to quieter settings. We conclude that shear flows
are a common phenomenon in complex active regions and delta spots. However,
they are not necessarily a prerequisite condition for flaring. Indeed, in the
present observations, the photospheric shear flows along the magnetic neutral
line are not related to any change of the local magnetic shear. We present
high-resolution observations of NOAA 10756 obtained with the 65-cm vacuum
reflector at Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO). Time series of
speckle-reconstructed white-light images and two-dimensional spectroscopic data
were combined to study the temporal evolution of the three-dimensional vector
flow field in the beta-delta sunspot group. An hour-long data set of consistent
high quality was obtained, which had a cadence of better than 30 seconds and
sub-arcsecond spatial resolution.Comment: 23 pages, 6 gray-scale figures, 4 color figures, 2 tables, submitted
to Solar Physic
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