OrganophosphorusBasedPesticideDegradingBacterialScreeningFrom Agriculture Soils Of Telangana Region.

Organophosphorus based pesticides are chemical pesticides which are widely used in India for controlling the pests, insects and plant pathogens. The mode of action of pesticides belonging to this class is on neurotransmitter inhibition as well as muscle suppression by which the target organisms are killed. But since the use of these pesticides is in an uncontrolled and indiscriminate manner in agriculture sector, there is a need to degrade them to protect their harmful effects on environment. Biological degradation of these pesticides areconsidered as better alternatives as this method is both economical as well as eco-friendly. Bioremediation of organophosphorus pesticides inthevicinity of soil has gained much attention recently because the microbes involved in this process are naturally having the potency to degrade the pesticides in their habitat which is called principle of infallibility. This property was explored for the biological degradation of pesticides. The microorganisms have a special gene known as organophosphate hydrolase or ‘oph’ whose enzyme product when come into contact with the organophosphorus compounds readily degrades them. This organophosphate hydrolase enzyme is well known for its broad spectrum of substrates hydrolysis activity. This activity was taken as a tool for screening of potent bacteria from agriculture soils towards organophosphorus degradation in the present study. Serial dilutions of the soil samples collected from three different regions of Telanganastate were donetodecline the microbial loadand thenthrough spread plate and streaking techniques, isolated bacterial colonies were obtained. Screening of these colonies for the presence of OPH enzyme was done by mixing the OPDs onto OP medium. After screening for the potent isolates showing OPH enzyme, it is revealed that the potent isolates which were successful in degradation of organophosphorus pesticideChlorantraniliproleindicatedbybacterialgrowtheveninthepresence of pesticide and also due to the presence of ‘oph’ gene which was produced OPH enzyme

Comparative Optimization Studies Of Various Parameters Towards Chlorantraniliprole Degradation By Gram Positive Pdb

Biodegradation of pesticides using various microbes such as PDBs is the best alternative for eco-friendly as well as economical way to mitigate bioaccumulation as well as biomagnification of these chemicals into ecological pyramids. The microbes have the property of degrading pesticides also known as PDB (pesticide degrading bacteria) in their vicinity using their metabolic pathways which was explored in the present study to biologically degrade organophosphorus based pesticide Chlorantraniliprole using a gram positive bacteria isolated from agriculture soils. The results of this study has improved the scientific way of exploring Staphylococcus hemolyticus for its potency towards bioremediation property also in biodegrading chemical based pesticide. A comparative study has revealed the influence of various optimized parameters towards the pesticide degradation activity of isolates from three study sites which has opened the unexplored zones of scientific understanding of a microbial behaviour towards specific activit

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Not AvailableNutrient supply and availability during crop growth influences various microbial mediated biochemical reactions and nutrient transformations. Studies were conducted on a sandy clay loam during kharif, 2013-14 to understand the effect of different fertilizer doses on soil microbial activity and yield of Bt cotton. Dehydrogenase activity, a key biochemical indicator, was higher under soil test based fertilizer application with 3.43 μg of TPF g-1 day-1. Farmers’ practice of excessive fertilizer application had negative impact on DHA (2.57 μg TPF g-1 day-1). Urease activity decreased by 24 to 27% with 150% RDF with and without sulphur @ 30 kg ha-1 when compared to 100% RDF. Increasing fertilizers from 100 to 150% caused inhibitory effect on the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases. Soil microbial population and microbial biomass carbon did not show significant variations with treatments. Although higher seed cotton yield of 3847 kg ha-1 was realized by increasing fertilizer dose to 150%, it was on par with the yield realized in 100% NPK (3616 kg ha-1) and soil test based fertilizer application (3688 kg ha-1). Farmers’ practice of application of very high doses of fertilizers resulted in slightly lower yield (3582 kg ha-1) than 100% RDFNot Availabl