Frequencies Of The -330 (t → G) Il-2 And -590 (t → C) Il-4 Gene Polymorphisms In A Population From South-eastern Brazil

Polymorphisms in the promoter regions of cytokine genes may affect their transcription. A T/G substitution at position?330 of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene and a T/C substitution at position -590 of the interleukin-4 (IL-4) gene have been described previously. The -590 (T → C) IL-4 gene polymorphism was associated with asthma and atopy in US and Japanese populations. Population genetics is a useful tool for determination of the biological significance of genetic polymorphisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequencies of polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the IL-2 and IL-4 genes in a population from south-eastern Brazil and to compare them with those published for other populations. Allele frequencies were estimated in 114 unrelated individuals from São Paulo State. These subjects had an average age of 41.2 years (± 12.4 years) and the ethnic composition of the sample was: 78.07% Caucasian, 11.4% Black and 10.53% Mulatto. DNA from subjects was extracted from epithelial buccal cells, and the PCR-RFLP technique was employed to investigate the -330 (T → G) IL-2 and -590 (T → C) IL-4 gene polymorphisms. The allele frequency of the IL-2 gene polymorphism obtained in our study was similar to that found in UK Caucasoid groups. The T allele frequency of the IL-4 gene polymorphism observed in the Caucasian Brazilian group was similar to that found in UK and Australian populations, while the frequency observed for the Black Brazilian group was similar to that found in Japanese and Kuwaiti Arab populations. The results for the -330 (T → G) IL-2 and -590 (T → C) IL-4 polymorphisms are consistent with the high contribution of European lineages to the population in south-eastern Brazil.294293296Alves-Silva, J., Da Silva Santos, M., Guimaraes, P.E.M., Ferreira, A.C.S., Bandelt, H.-J., Pena, S.D.J., Prado, V.P., The ancestry of Brazilian mtDNA lineages (2000) American Journal of Human Genetics, 67, p. 444Arpini-Sampaio, Z., Costa, M.C.B., Melo, A.A., Carvalho, M.F.V.A., Deus, M.S.M., Simões, A.L., Genetic polymorphisms and ethnic admixture in African-derived Black communities of Notheastern Brazil (1999) Human Biology, 71, p. 69Callegari-Jacques, S.M., Salzano, F.M., Brazilian Indian/non-Indian interactions and their effects (1999) Ciência e Cultura, 51, p. 166Carvalho-Silva, D.R., Santos, F.R., Rocha, J., Pena, S.D., The phylogeography of Brazilian Y-chromosome lineages (2001) American Journal of Human Genetics, 68, p. 281Chen, Y.S., Torroni, A., Excoffier, L., Santachiara-Benerecetti, A.S., Wallace, D.C., Analysis of mtDNA variation in African populations reveals the most ancient of all human continent-specific haplogroups (1995) American Journal of Human Genetics, 57, p. 133Constans, J., DNA and protein polymorphism: Application to anthropology and human genetics (1988) Anthropologischer Anzeiger, 46, p. 97Faucz, F.R., Probst, C.M., Petzl-Erler, M.L., Polymorphism of LMP2 and TAP1, LMP7 and TAP2 in Brazilian Amerindians and Caucasoids: Implications for the evolution of allelic and haplotypic diversity (2000) European Journal of Immunogenetics, 27, p. 5Hijazi, Z., Haider, M.Z., Interleukin-4 gene promoter polymorphism [C590T] and asthma in Kuwaiti Arabs (2000) International Archives of Allergy and Immunology, 122, p. 190(2000) Brasil: 500 anos de Povoamento, , IBGE, Rio de JaneiroJohn, S., Turner, D., Donn, R., Sinnot, P., Worthington, J., Ollier, W.E.R., Hutchinson, I.V., Hajeer, A.H., Two novel biallelic polymorphism in the IL-2 gene (1998) European Journal of Immunogenetics, 25, p. 419Kornman, K.S., Crane, A., Wang, H.-Y., Di Giovine, F.S., Newman, M.G., Pirk, F.W., Wilson T.G., Jr., Duff, G.W., The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease (1997) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 24, p. 72Lazarus, M., Hajeer, A.H., Turner, D., Sinnott, P., Worthington, J., Ollier, W.E.R., Hutchinson, I.V., Genetic variation in the interleukin-10 gene promoter and systemic lupus erythematosus (1997) Journal of Rheumatology, 24, p. 2314Noguchi, E., Shibasaki, M., Arinami, T., Takeda, K., Yokouchi, Y., Kawashima, T., Yanagi, H., Hamaguchi, H., Association of asthma and the interleukin-4 promoter gene in Japanese (1998) Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 28, p. 449Probst, C.M., Bompeixe, E.P., Pereira, N.F., De Dalalio, M.M.O., Visentainer, J.E.I., Tsuneto, L.T., Petzl-Erler, M.L., HLA polymorphism and evaluation of European, African and Am erindian contribution to the white and mulatto populations from Paraná, Brazil (2000) Human Biology, 72, p. 597Reynard, M.P., Turner, D., Navarrete, C.V., Allele frequencies of polymorphisms of the tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, interferon-γ and interleukin-2 genes in a North European Caucasoid group from the UK (2000) European Journal of Immunogenetics, 27, p. 241Rosenwasser, L.J., Klemm, D.J., Dresback, J.K., Promoter polymorphisms in the chromosome 5 gene cluster in asthma and atopy (1995) Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 25 (SUPPL. 2), p. 74Scarel, R.M., Trevilatto, P.C., Di Hipólito O., Jr., Camargo, L.E.A., Line, S.R.P., Absence of mutations in the homeodomain of the MSX1 gene in patients with hypodontia (2000) American Journal of Medical Genetics, 92, p. 346Scarel-Caminaga, R.M., Trevilatto, P.C., Souza, A.P., Brito R.B., Jr., Line, S.R.P., Investigation of an IL-2 polymorphism in patients with different levels of chronic periodontitis (2002) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, , in pressSoares, J.F., Siqueira, A.L., (1999) Introdução á Estatística Médica, , Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilTrevilatto, P.C., Line, S.R.P., Use of buccal epithelial cells for PCR amplification of large DNA fragments (2000) Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology, 31, p. 393Walley, A.J., Cookson, W.O.C.M., Investigation of an interleukin-4 promoter polymorphism for associations with asthma and atopy (1996) Journal of Medical Genetics, 33, p. 689Woolf, B., On estimating the relation between blood groups and disease (1955) Annals of Human Genetics, 19, p. 25

Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Interleukin-i Gene Cluster Polymorphisms And Early Implant Failure In Non-smoking Patients

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between specific polymorphisms of the interleukin-1 gene cluster and the early failure of osseointegrated implants. Material and methods: The subject population was composed by a test group comprising 28 non-smoking patients (mean age 52.7) that had suffered one or more early implant failures and by a control group consisting of 34 individuals (mean age 43.3) with one or more healthy implants. Genomic DNA from buccal mucosa was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to distinguish the alleles of the interleukin-1A (-889), interleukin-1B (+3953), interleukin-1B (-511) and interleukin-RN (intron 2) gene polymorphisms. Differences in the allele and genotype frequencies between control and test groups were assessed by χ2 test or by Monte Carlo simulations (P<0.05). Haplotype frequencies, linkage disequilibrium and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were also estimated. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the genotype distribution or allelic frequencies of the polymorphisms. No differences were observed between control and test groups when different interleukin-1 gene cluster haplotypes were compared. Nevertheless, the interleukin-1A (-889) and interleukin-1B (+3953) polymorphic sites were in strong linkage disequilibrium (P = 0.00014 for control group and P = 0.0238 for the test group). Conclusion: This study suggests that polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 gene cluster are not associated with early implant failure in a non-smoking Brazilian population. Copyright © Blackwell Munksgaard 2004.162194201Adell, R., Eriksson, B., Lekholm, U., Branemark, P.I., Jemt, T., Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws (1990) International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 5, pp. 347-359Armitage, G.C., Wu, Y., Wang, H.Y., Sorrell, J., Di Giovine, F.S., Duff, G.W., Low prevalence of a periodontitis-associated interleukin-1 composite genotype in individuals of Chinese heritage (2000) Journal of Periodontology, 71, pp. 164-171Ayres, M., (1998) BioEstat: Statistical Applications in the Area of Medical and Biological Sciences (BioEstat: Aplicações Estatísticas Nas Áreas Das Ciências Biológicas e Médicas), , Manaus, Brazil: Sociedade Civil Mamirauá, MCT-CNPqBoiardi, L., Salvarani, C., Timms, J.M., Silvestri, T., Macchioni, P.L., Di Giovine, F.S., Interleukin-1 cluster and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphisms in polymyalgia rheumatica (2000) Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 18, pp. 675-681Buchs, N., Di Giovine, F.S., Silvestri, T., Vannier, E., Duff, G.W., Miossec, P., IL-1B and IL-1Ra gene polymorphisms and disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis: Interaction with their plasma levels (2001) Genes and Immunity, 2, pp. 222-228Caffesse, R.G., De La Rosa, R.M., De La Rosa, G.M., Interleukin-1 gene polymorphism in a well-maintained periodontal patient population (2002) Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences, 1, pp. 1-6Cork, M.J., Crane, A.M., Duff, G.W., Genetic control of cytokines. 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Etiopathogenesis (1998) European Journal of Oral Sciences, 106, pp. 721-764Feloutzis, A., Lang, N.P., Tonetti, M.S., Burgin, W., Bragger, U., Buser, D., Duff, G.W., Kornman, K.S., IL-1 gene polymorphism and smoking as risk factors for peri-implant bone loss in a wellmaintained population (2003) Clinical Oral Implants Research, 14, pp. 10-17Gemmell, E., Marshall, R.I., Seymour, G.J., Cytokines and prostaglandins in immune homeostasis and tissue destruction in periodontal disease (1997) Periodontology 2000, 14, pp. 112-143Genco, R.J., Host responses in periodontal diseases: Current concepts (1992) Journal of Periodontology, 63, pp. 338-355Gore, E.A., Sanders, J.J., Pandey, J.P., Palesch, Y., Galbraith, G.M., Interleukin-1beta + 3953 allele 2: Association with disease status in adult periodontitis (1998) Journal of Clinical Penodontology, 25, pp. 781-785Greenstein, G., Hart, T.C., A critical assessment of interleukin-1 (IL-1) genotyping when used in a genetic susceptibility test for 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Increased interleukin-1 beta in the crevicular fluid of diseased implants (1995) International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 10, pp. 696-701Karjalainen, J., Nieminen, M.M., Aromaa, A., Klaukka, T., Hurme, M., The IL-1beta genotype carries asthma susceptibility only in men (2002) The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 109, pp. 514-516Kornman, K.S., Crane, A., Wang, H.Y., Di Giovine, F.S., Newman, M.G., Pirk, F.W., Wilson, T.G., Duff, G.W., The interleukin-1 genotype as a severity factor in adult periodontal disease (1997) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 24, pp. 72-77Lekholm, U.G.J., Henry, P., Higuchi, K., Linden, U., Bergstrom, C., Van Steenberghe, D., Survival of the Branemark implant in partially edentulous jaws: A 0-10 year prospective multicenter study (1999) International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 14, pp. 636-645Lennard, A.C., Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (1995) Critical Reviews in Immunology, 15, pp. 77-105Listgarten, M.A., Lang, N.P., Schroeder, H.E., Schroeder, A., Periodontal tissues and their counterparts around endosseous implants (1991) Clinical Oral Implants Research, 2, pp. 1-19Machado, J.C., Pharoah, P., Sousa, S., Carvalho, R., Oliveira, C., Figueiredo, C., Amorim, A., Sobrinho-Simoes, M., Interleukin 1B and interleukin 1RN polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of gastric carcinoma (2001) Gastroenterology, 121, pp. 823-829Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., Sambrook, J., Construction of genomic libraries (1989) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. 2nd Edition, , New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory PressMansfield, J.C., Holden, H., Tarlow, J.K., Di Giovine, F.S., McDowell, T.L., Wilson, A.G., Holdsworth, C.D., Duff, G.W., Novel genetic association between ulcerative colitis and the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (1994) Gastroenterology, 106, pp. 637-642McDevitt, M.J., Wang, H.Y., Knobelman, C., Newman, M.G., Di Giovine, F.S., Timms, J., Duff, G.W., Kornman, 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Aboyoussef, H., Dondero, R., Jandinski, J.J., Detection and measurement of inflammatory cytokines in implant crevicular fluid: A pilot study (1996) International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 11, pp. 794-799Papapanou, P.N., Neiderud, A.M., Sandros, J., Dahlen, G., Interleukin-1 gene polymorphism and periodontal status. A case-control study (2001) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 28, pp. 389-396Parfitt, A.M., The two faces of growth: Benefits and risks to bone integrity (1994) Osteoporosis International, 4, pp. 382-398Parkhill, J.M., Hennig, B.J., Chapple, I.L., Heasman, P.A., Taylor, J.J., Association of interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms with early-onset periodontitis (2000) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 27, pp. 682-689Perala, D.G., Chapman, R.J., Gelfand, J.A., Complement activation by dental implants (1991) International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 6, pp. 136-141Perala, D.G., Chapman, R.J., Gelfand, J.A., Callahan, M.V., Adams, D.F., Lie, T., Relative production of IL-1 beta and TNF alpha by mononuclear cells after exposure to dental implants (1992) Journal of Periodontology, 63, pp. 426-430Pociot, F., Molvig, J., Wogensen, L., Worsaae, H., Nerup, J., A TaqI polymorphism in the human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) gene correlates with IL-1 beta secretion in vitro (1992) European Journal of Clinical Investigations, 22, pp. 396-402Read, R.C., Camp, N.J., Di Giovine, F.S., Borrow, R., Kaczmarski, E.B., Chaudhary, A.G., Fox, A.J., Duff, G.W., An interleukin-1 genotype is associated with fatal outcome of meningococcal disease (2000) The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 182, pp. 1557-1560Rogers, M.A., Figliomeni, L., Baluchova, K., Tan, A.E., Davies, G., Henry, P.J., Price, P., Do interleukin-1 polymorphisms predict the development of periodontitis or the success of dental implants? (2002) Journal of Periodontology, 37, pp. 37-41Salcetti, J.M., Moriarty, J.D., Cooper, L.F., Smith, F.W., Collins, J.G., Socransky, S.S., Offenbacher, S., The clinical, microbial, and host response characteristics of the failing implant (1997) International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 12, pp. 32-42Sanguinetti, C.J., Dias, E.N., Simpson, A.J.G., Rapid silver staining and recovery of PCR products separated on polyacrylamide gels (1994) Biotechniques, 17, pp. 915-919Santilla, S., Savinainen, K., Hurme, M., Presence of the IL-1RA allele 2 (IL-1RN*2) is associated with enhanced IL-1 beta production in vitro (1998) Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 47, pp. 195-198Santos, M.C.L.G., Campos, M.I.G., Line, S.R.P., Early dental implant failure: A review of literature (2002) Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences, 1, pp. 103-111Schneider, S., Roessli, D., Excoffier, E., (2000) ARLEQUIM Ver. 2000: A Software for Population Genetic Data Analysis, , University of Geneva, Switzerland: Genetics and Biometry LaboratorySchwartz, Z., Lohmann, C.H., Cochran, D.L., Sylvia, V.L., Dean, D.D., Boyan, B.D., Bone regulating mechanisms on implant surfaces (1999) Proceedings of the 3rd European Workshop on Periodontology: Implant Dentistry. 1st Edition, pp. 41-54. , Lang, N.P., Karring, T. & Lindhe, J., eds., Chicago: Quintessence PublishingSham, P.C., Curtis, D., Monte Carlo tests for associations between disease and alleles at highly polymorphic loci (1995) Annals of Human Genetics, 59, pp. 97-105Shirodaria, S., Smith, J., McKay, I.J., Kennet, C.N., Hugh, F.J., Polymorphisms in the IL-1A gene are correlated with levels of interleukin-1 alpha protein in gingival crevicular fluid of teeth with severe periodontal disease (2000) Journal of Dental Research, 79, pp. 1864-1869Stashenko, P., Dewhirst, F.E., Peros, W.J., Kent, R.L., Ago, J.M., Synergistic interactions between interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and lymphotoxin in bone resorption (1987) Journal of Immunology, 138, pp. 1464-1468Takamatsu, M., Yamauchi, M., Maezawa, Y., Saito, S., Maeyama, S., Uchikoshi, T., Genetic polymorphisms of interleukin-1 beta in association with the development of alcoholic liver disease in Japanese patients (2000) American Journal of Gastroenterology, 95, pp. 1305-1311Tarlow, J.K., Blakemore, A.I.F., Lennard, A., Solari, R., Steinkasserer, A., Duff, G.W., Polymorphism in human IL-1 receptor antagonist gene intron 2 is caused by variable numbers of an 86-bp tandem repeat (1993) Human Genetics, 91, pp. 403-404Tatakis, D.N., Interleukin-1 and bone metabolism: A review (1993) Journal of Periodontology, 64, pp. 416-431Trevilatto, P.C., Line, S.R.P., Use of buccal epithelial cells for PCR amplification of large DNA fragments (2000) Journal of Forensic Odonto-Stomatology, 18, pp. 6-9Tsutsui, T., Kawaguchi, H., Fujino, A., Sakai, A., Kaji, H., Nakamura, T., Exposure of macrophage-like cells to titanium particles does not affect bone resorption, but inhibits bone formation (1999) Journal of Orthopedic Science, 4, pp. 32-38Walker, S.J., Van Dyke, T.E., Rich, S., Kornman, K.S., Di Giovine, F.S., Hart, T.C., Genetic polymorphisms of the IL-1alpha and IL-1beta genes in African-American LJP patients and an African-American control population (2000) Journal of Periodontology, 71, pp. 723-728Weyant, R.J., Burt, B.A., An assessment of survival rates and within-patient clustering of failures for endosseous oral implants (1993) Journal of Dental Research, 72, pp. 2-8Wilson Jr., T.G., Nunn, M., The relationship between the interleukin-1 periodontal genotype and implant loss. Initial Data (1999) Journal of Periodontology, 70, pp. 724-72

Early Failure Of Dental Implants And Tnf-α (g-308a) Gene Polymorphism

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a potent inflammatory mediator with bone resorption activity. Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the human TNF-α gene have been shown to affect the levels of this cytokine and have been associated with a variety of diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between early implant failure and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the -308 promoter region of the TNF-α gene. A sample of 66 nonsmokers was divided into 2 groups: a test group comprising 28 patients (mean age, 52.7 years) with one or more early failed implants and a control group consisting of 38 individuals (mean age, 43.2 years) with one or more healthy implants. Genomic DNA from buccal mucosa was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), analyzed by restriction fragment length polymor phism (RFLP), and submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to distinguish allele G and allele A of the TNF-α (-308) gene polymorphism. Differences in the allele and genotype frequencies between control and test groups were assessed by chi-squared test (P <0.05). No significant difference was observed in the allele (P = 0.4635) and genotype (P = 0.4445) distribution of the polymorphism when control and failure groups were compared. The results indicate that the TNF-α (G-308A) gene polymorphism is not associated with early implant failure, suggesting that its presence alone does not constitute a genetic risk factor for implant loss in the Brazilian population. Copyright © 2004 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.13195101Adell, R., Eriksson, B., Lekholm, U., Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws (1990) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 5, pp. 347-359Lekholm, U.G.J., Henry, P., Higuchi, K., Survival of the Branemark implant in partially edentulous jaws: A 0-10 year prospective multicenter study (1999) Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 14, pp. 636-645Esposito, M., Hirsch, J.M., Lekholm, U., Biological factors contributing to failures of osseointegrated oral implants. (I). Success criteria and epidemiology (1998) Eur J Oral Sci, 106, pp. 527-551El Askary, A.S., Meffert, R.M., Griffin, T., Why do dental implants fail? 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Interleukin-2 And Interleukin-6 Gene Promoter Polymorphisms, And Early Failure Of Dental Implants

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region of the human interleukin (IL)-2 (T-330G) and IL-6 (G-174C) genes have modified the transcriptional activity of these cytokines and are associated with several diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between these single nucleotide polymorphisms and early implant failure. A sample of 74 nonsmokers was divided into 2 groups: test group comprising 34 patients (mean age 49.3 years) with ĝ‰¥1 implants that failed and control group consisting of 40 patients (mean age 43.8 years) with ĝ‰¥1 healthy implants. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid from oral mucosa was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Monte Carlo simulations (P G) IL-2 and -590 (T -> C) IL-4 gene polymorphisms in a population from south-eastern Brazil (2002) Eur J Immunogenet., 29, pp. 293-296Reynard, M.P., Turner, D., Navarrete, C.V., Allele frequencies of polymorphisms of the tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 genes in a North European Caucasoid group from the UK (2000) Eur J Immunogenet., 27, pp. 241-249Perala, D.G., Chapman, R.J., Gelfand, J.A., Relative production of IL-1 beta and TNF alpha by mononuclear cells after exposure to dental implants (1992) J Periodontol., 63, pp. 426-430Wang, J.Y., Tsukayama, D.T., Wicklund, B.H., Inhibition of T and B cell proliferation by titanium, cobalt, and chromium: Role of IL-2 and IL-6 (1996) J Biomed Mater Res., 32, pp. 655-661Nakashima, Y., Sun, D.H., Trindade, M.C., Signaling pathways for tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 expression in human macrophages exposed to titanium-alloy particulate debris in vitro (1999) J Bone Joint Surg., 81, pp. 603-615Shida, J., Trindade, M.C., Goodman, S.B., Induction of interleukin-6 release in human osteoblast-like cells exposed to titanium particles in vitro (2000) Calcif Tissue Int., 67, pp. 151-155Horowitz, S.M., Gonzales, J.B., Inflammatory response to implant particulates in a macrophage/osteoblast coculture model (1996) Calcif Tissue Int., 59, pp. 392-39

Interleukin-6 polymorphisms modify the risk of periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To clarify the association of IL-6 polymorphisms and periodontitis, a meta-analysis of case-control studies and a systemic review were conducted. Material and methods: We performed a literature search using PubMed and Medline database to May 2009, with no restrictions. We also reviewed references from all retrieved articles. Six case-control studies involving 1 093 periodontitis cases and 574 controls were selected for meta-analysis to assess the purported associations between IL-6 polymorphisms and the risk of periodontitis. IL-6 −174 G/C and −572 C/G polymorphisms were included in the present meta-analysis, and the association between IL-6 −6331 T/C polymorphism and the risk of periodontitis was adequately reviewed as well. Results and conclusion: The present meta-analysis indicates that the IL-6 −174 G allele could not modify the risk of chronic periodontitis, but increased the risk of aggressive periodontitis. And −572 C/G polymorphism is associated with the pathogenesis of periodontitis, including chronic periodontitis or aggressive periodontitis