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Not AvailableThe effect of seed size on germination, growth and crop yield of eight groundnut varieties was studied. Germination was greater with small and medium seeds than with large seeds in all varieties except Girnar I, which had the highest germination with large seeds. Field emergence was less than laboratory germination, particularly for large seeds of Spanish bunch-types and with small seeds of Virginia runner-types. The seed sizes of GG 2 and Girnar 1 had similar germination in the laboratory and field. Large seeds produced more vigorous plants having more shoot and root biomass initially and more large seeds at harvest than those from small and medium seeds. However, at maturity the plants produced by the various seed categories did not differ significantly in plant height, pod yields, 100-seed weight and shelling percentage. Small and medium seeds, which germinate better and require less weight of seeds .Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn summer seasons of 1991 and 1992 the gas exchange and leaf water relations were analysed in two peanut cultivars: drought tolerant cv. GG 2 (DT) and drought sensitive cv. JL 24 (DS). Soil moisture stress was imposed by withholding irrigation at pod development phase. The decrease in photosynthesis (PN) under stress was associated with a decrease in stomatal conductance (gs) and relative water content (RWC). The PN and RWC were significantly higher under stress in DT than DS. On relief of stress the gs and RWC recovered more quickly in DT than DS. The maintenance of higher RWC (>80 %), gs and PN under stress appears to be imparting drought tolerance in peanut.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe effect of seed size on germination, growth and crop yield of eight groundnut varieties was studied. Germination was greater with small and medium seeds than with large seeds in all varieties except Girnar I, which had the highest germination with large seeds. Field emergence was less than laboratory germination, particularly for large seeds of Spanish bunch-types and with small seeds of Virginia runner-types. The seed sizes of GG 2 and Girnar 1 had similar germination in the laboratory and field. Large seeds produced more vigorous plants having more shoot and root biomass initially and more large seeds at harvest than those from small and medium seeds. However, at maturity the plants produced by the various seed categories did not differ significantly in plant height, pod yields, 100-seed weight and shelling percentage. Small and medium seeds, which germinate better and require less weight of seeds …Not Availabl

A study of the Plastically deformed Lvbricated contacts using scanning electron microscope

To understand the wear process in plastic deformation conditions, a laboratory programme was carried out on Amsler friction and wear machine using a mineral oil and a fatty oil. En31 and mild st~el disc pair was used to simulate the plastic deformation conditions. Progressive changes in wearing surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The . paper describes the wear mechanisms observed w~th the two oils

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Not AvailableWild Arachis genotypes were analysed for chlorophyll a fluorescence, carbon isotope discrimination (ΔC), specific leaf area (SLA), and SPAD readings. Associations between different traits, i.e., SLA and SPAD readings (r = –0.76), SLA and ΔC (r = 0.42), and ΔC and SPAD readings (r = 0.30) were established. The ratio of maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) showed a wider variability under water deficit (WD) than that after irrigation (IR). Genotypes were grouped according to the Fv/Fm ratio as: efficient, values between 0.80 and 0.85; moderately efficient, the values from 0.79 to 0.75; inefficient, the values <0.74. Selected genotypes were evaluated also for their green fodder yield; the efficient genotypes ranged between 3.0 and 3.8, the moderately efficient were 2.6 and 2.7, the inefficient genotypes were of 2.3 and 2.5 t ha–1 per year in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Leaf water-relation traits studied in WD and IR showed that the efficient genotypes were superior in maintenance of leaf water-relation traits, especially, under WD. Potential genotypes identified in this study may enhance biomass productivity in the semiarid tropic regionsNot Availabl

STUDY OF OILDEGRADATIONIN PLASTIC DEFORMATION CONDITIONS

Lubrication under plastic deformation conditions is different because of generation of fresh virgin surfaces and heat of deformation. Lubricant performance may be influe9ced by them. An experimental study is carried out under simulated plastic deformation conditions with two oils. The used and fresh oils are analysed by FTIR. It is observed that in case of fatty oil degradation is associated with polymerisation while aromatisation with the mineral oil

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Not AvailableThirty Spanish groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars were grown for three cropping seasons, i.e., for two consecutive rainy and summer, and one post-rainy, and evaluated for physiological, morphological and anatomical traits and yield components. Photosynthetic rate (PN) was measured at full pod (R4) during rainy and post-rainy while at different reproductive growth stages during summer seasons. Response of cultivars to physiological traits differed significantly and cultivars belonging to high PN expressed higher gs and lower difference between leaf and air temperatures ( T) indicating that groundnut productivity could be increased by increasing gs. Among the reproductive growth stages, PN was higher during full pod (R4) and beginning seed (R5) in addition T was least during this period. This indicated that Spanish groundnut is more close to the determinate type of growth habit and exhibited reproductive sink driven PN. Associations between morphological and physiological traits and yield components were established and potential trade-offs between various traits were identified. For example, associations between PN and total sink size (r = 0.43* *), weight of mature pods (r = 0.45* *) and harvest index (HI) (r = 0.48* *) were positive while association between PN and T (r = −0.60* *), leaf temperature (r = −0.47* *), petiole length (r = −0.50* *), both leaflet length and width (r = −66* *) were negative. Among the sources of variation, environment was found most detrimental to influence the traits and among the physiological traits influence of environment was more on gs than the PN and T. Similarly, environment has influenced pod yield more than reproductive sink size. Among all the traits studied, PN, gs, pod yield and HI contributed maximum to the observed variation. In conclusion, knowledge on physiological understanding in relation to PN and productivity and wide genetic variability among various traits, as reported in this study, could be utilized in developing new potential germplasm and designing ideotype for making the cultivars more adaptive for different water availability areas in semi-arid tropics worldwide.Not Availabl