Blast furnace stove control

This paper outlines the process model and model-based control techniques implemented on the hot blast stoves for the No. 7 Blast Furnace at the Inland Steel facility in East Chicago, Indiana. A detailed heat transfer model of the stoves is developed. It is then used as part of a predictive control scheme to determine the minimum amount of fuel necessary to achieve the blast air requirements. The controller also considers maximum and minimum temperature constraints within the stove

The Investigation of the Oxidation Kinetics of Phosphotungsten Suboxide

Dark blue colored phosphotungsten suboxide, which has the characteristics of phosphate tungsten oxide bronze, is formed during the thermal decomposition of ammonium phosphotungstate hydrate (APTH) in inert gas atmosphere. The aim of this study is to investigate the oxidation kinetics of phosphotungsten suboxide at isothermal conditions. Pellets prepared from phosphotungsten suboxide powder that were preheated at 1173 K temperature in inert gas atmosphere were used in the oxidation experiments. The sensitive measurement of weight increases was determined by the microelectronic microbalance. The oxidation reaction was carried out in the temperature range of 690 and 778 K and oxygen partial pressure range of 0.04 and 0.21 bar. The effects of gas flow rate, temperature, and oxygen partial pressure on the reaction rate were determined. The rate equation was derived by applying the "Nucleation and Growth Kinetics" model. The reaction rate was found to be of 0.94 order with respect to oxygen partial pressure, and the activation energy was 159 kJ mol(-1)