Dermatomyositis in the South African bantu

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The Notion of Cyber Operations

The aim of this chapter, is to elaborate on the notion of ‘cyber operations’ as they seem to be used in a generic manner in popular media as well as in academics.This chapter differentiates for actors and motives, covering operations conducted by both state and non-state entities. Special attention will be paid to governmental cyber operations that are characterized by five distinct roles and paradigms: governance, protection, law enforcement, intelligence and military operations. In addition, governmental response mechanisms, based on the paradigms, are explained and operations themselves are operationalised