Results from the ULTRA experiment in the framework of the EUSO project

The detection of Cerenkov light from EAS in a delayed coincidence with fluorescence light gives a strong signature to discriminate protons and neutrinos in cosmic rays. For this purpose, the ULTRA experiment has been designed with 2 detectors: a small EAS array (ETscope) and an UV optical device including wide field (Belenos) and narrow field (UVscope) Cerenkov light detectors. The array measures the shower size and the arrival direction of the incoming EAS, while the UV devices, pointing both to zenith and nadir, are used to determine the amount of direct and diffused coincident Cerenkov light. This information, provided for different diffusing surfaces, will be used to verify the possibility of detecting from Space the Cerenkov light produced by UHECRs with the EUSO experiment, on board the ISS

Advances in indoor location

This paper presents the research activities carried out within the scope of the Liaison project. Most of the work has been performed on WiFi location. WiFi is nowadays widely deployed in buildings such as hotels, hospitals, airports, train stations, public buildings, etc. Using this infrastructure to locate terminals connected to the wireless LAN is expected to have a low cost. Methods presented in this paper include fingerprinting and tracking through particle filter constrained on a Voronoi diagram and TOA based on data frames and acknowledgments at the link level. Other technologies have also been researched: A-GNSS to handle the transition between outdoors and indoors, UWB in ad-hoc mode to cope with possible lacks of infrastructure and inertial MEMS to increase the availability and robustness of the overall system

ANALYSIS OF 98 HERV-K(HML-2) CONTAINING PROVIRUSES IDENTIFIED IN THE HUMAN GENOME ASSEMBLY GRCH37/HG19 BY RETROTECTOR AND THEIR GENOMIC CONTEXT

Background. Our genome contains human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) that are sequences derived from retroviral infection. HERVs often are classified according to the sequence of the primer binding site (PBS) where binds cellular tRNA for the reverse transcription process (Cohen & Larsson, 1988). HERV-K, where “K” derives from the PBS lysine. HERV-K (HML-2) is the most recently integrated group and the best preserved provirus in the human DNA. HERV-K family are divided into two type: type I has a 292-bp deletion and encodes the accessory Np9 protein while type II encodes the accessory Rec protein, Rec and Np9 proteins are associated with the tumor development (Bannert & Kurth, 2006). It has been shown that the position of integration of the retroviral sequences can lead to three effects: beneficial, harmful, or neutral (Bannert & Kurth, 2006). To have a more exhaustive analysis of the 98 HML-2 sequences identified by ReTe we analyses three important aspect that characterize the HML-2 proviruses : PBS type, Rec protein and their localization respect to genes. Material and Method. Human genome was analyzed with RetroTector (ReTe) (Sperber, Airola, Jern, & Blomberg, 2007) version 1.01. ReTe was run on a machine with 4 6-core Xeon processors, 2.66Ghz each, 256 Gb of RAM and 4 Tb of disks, with an estimated execution time of 1-2 days. Sequences alignment of PBS and REC sequences were performed using the MEGA software (version 5.2) and WebLogo http://weblogo.threeplusone.com/create.cgi . Results. We used the model-based software ReTe and identified 98 HML-2 proviruses, 21 of which were new possible candidates HML-2 sequences not detected before probably because the cut-off of Blast or Blat used was too high (data submitted). HML-2 sequences are distributed in all chromosomes with the exception of chromosomes 13, 16 and 18. We identified that 36 sequences have maintained the PBS K (Lys), 1 sequence PBS W, 4 sequence PBS S, 1 sequence PBS H, 1 sequence PBS R, 1 sequence PBS L, 1 sequence PBS T, 1 sequence PBS P. We analyzed the Rec and Np9 sequences and we found that 59 of 98 HML-2s have Rec sequences. We analyzed the length of the 98 HML-2 sequences observing that the 46% of them have a length within the 8,000-10,000 bp range and despite the considerable length are located more than 5 kb from genes and only five HML2 elements overlapping known genes. Conclusions. We identified by an model-based approach 98 HERV-K HML2 sequences. The identification of HML-2s in the human genome, their complete analysis and their position respect to the genes may support further studies that could ascertain the possible physiological or pathological role of the HML-2 expressed proteins