Role of MDCT (128 Slice Scanner) in Acute Abdomen

AIM : 1. To evaluate the accuracy of MDCT (128 slices) in the diagnosis of acute abdomen 2. To assess the efficacy of MDCT in differentiating the various pathological causes of acute abdomen. 3. To explore the sensitivity and specificity of MDCT in acute abdomen cases with intra-operative surgical finding/ histopathological findings/ clinical findings as reference standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Prospective study on 73 subjects with acute pain abdomen was subjected to MDCT. MDCT was done with SIEMENS SOMATOM DEFINITION EDGE 128 SLICE SCANNER. The radiological findings at CT were compared with those at Surgery / clinical finding and with the available histopathological results to verify the efficacy of 128-slice MDCT in the preoperative evaluation of the acute abdomen cases. RESULT : In our study the sensitivity of MDCT was 97.10% and specificity was 75%. The overall Positive Predictable Value was 98.53% and negative predictive value was 60% and accuracy rate was 95.89%. CONCLUSION : We conclude that MDCT has high accuracy and sensitivity. In clinically inconclusive cases of acute abdomen, the consultant will favor for MDCT in order to arrive at an appropriate provisional diagnosis. The results obtained in the study were comparable to pioneer studies conducted worldwide. However major limitation was small sample size

STUDY ON RISK FACTORS, CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC PROFILE OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE PATIENTS IN GOVERNMENT GENERAL HOSPITAL

Objective: This study mainly aims to assess and evaluate risk factors, clinical and therapeutical profile in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and promote rational drug therapy; to identify the prevalence of COPD symptoms and to assess the drugs prescribed in treating COPD patients; and to evaluate patterns of diagnosing COPD in patients and determine the severity of COPD in patients using COPD assessment test (CAT). Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in government general hospital among 220 patients for 6 months. Data were collected from patients by CAT questionnaire through interviewing each subject. Results: The majority of the patients (36%) were in the age group of 71–80 years. Males are more prone to the COPD (91%). Most common initiation interdependence of these habits are 31–40 years and 61.8% are suffering with comorbidities. A total of 145 (65%) have social habits. About 68% of the patients are suffering from occupational exposure, 78% of the patients are suffering from old pulmonary problems. Conclusion: Clinical pharmacist main provision is providing care to individual patients by patient counseling, regarding the rational usage of drug and also providing proper education regarding the usage of nebulizers and creating awareness to the patients

CNN: MUSIC RECOMMENDATION BASED ON FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION

Find ingoutwhichtunetopayattentionto from the hugeseries of current option sis often puzzling. relying to your temper, numerous thought frames are available on topics whichincludes music, food, and purchasing. The principal cause of our tune advice gadget is to offerguidelines that in shape the consumer's flavor. by way of reading the user's facial expressions andfeelings,itispossibletorecognizetheperson'scontemporaryemotionalandmentalstate.songandvideoarefieldsthatprovideremarkablepossibilitiestoprovideawidevarietyofpickstocustomers,thinkingoftheirpassionsandrecordedinformation.peoplearerecognizedtousefacialexpressions to more certainly explicit what they imply and in what context they suggest a word. IholdthinkingthatIcannotmaintainmusicofwhichsongwishestobeperformed.viadevelopingarecommendationmachine,theconsumercandeterminewhichmusictoconcentratetoanddecrease her level of strain. customers do not have to waste time looking for songs. It recognizesthe track that quality fits the user's temper and gives songs to the user according to the person'stemper. user pics are captured using webcams. A person's image is taken and relying at theperson's temper/feeling, appropriate songs from the person's playlist are displayed to meet theuser'sneeds

APTAMER: A REVIEW ON IT’S IN VITRO SELECTION AND DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

In recent year, Aptamer has been one of the key tools in the field of advanced drug delivery systems. Aptamer are oligonucleotides or peptides that bind to a specific target molecule. In this review we summarize the major differences between the antibody and an Aptamer along with the different methodology of the In vitro selection of the Aptamer by using SELEX (Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) technique. SELEX is a technique which has a based biosensor and some of the novel drug delivery system. The article referred in this review was referred from the above said source was in the range of 1990-2020 y. Primary contents is searched from science direct, springer nature, scopus indexed journals. The resources are downloaded from google scholar, peer-reviewed published literature from scientific journals and books

SOMES: A REVIEW ON COMPOSITION, FORMULATION METHODS AND EVALUATIONS OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF “SOMES” DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Many drugs are available in the market for several diseases, disorder or even for a condition, but it is difficult to select a suitable carrier to attain maximum bioavailability and potential for a potent drug. Attaining a controlled and sustained release of a drug is purely focused on the selection of a carrier (natural, synthetic and hybrid) like nanosomes. Nanosomes have become a prominent tool in the field of pharmacy. Nanosomes are small uniform structures which deliver the drug to the specific targeted site, which mainly depends upon the presence of ligands, shape, size and surface chemistry. Nanosomes are available in various types which include Niosomes, Liposomes, Electrosomes, Aquasomes, Transfersomes, Phytosomes, Enzymosomes, Ethosomes, Invasome and Sphingosomes. In general, all these nanosomes are quite similar in nature with minute differences in their vesicular characteristics and composition. This review traces various ‘somes’ composition and their role in the formulation, applications, advantages, disadvantages, common formulation procedures and evaluation parameters

Colorimetric method for determination of corticosteroids by UV Visible Spectroscopy and its application to Ayurvedic formulations

Usage of herbomineral preparations increased drastically these days. Some of the Ayurvedic formulations are been adulterated with steroids. Usage of such formulations can be injurious to health. Hence an attempt has been made to identify and determine steroids in both Ayurvedic and pharmaceutical formulations. In the present study a simple, sensitive and economical visible spectroscopic method has been used which involves the oxidation of corticosteroids by iron(III) and subsequent complexation of iron(II) with potassium  hexacyanoferrate (III), forming bluish green colored complex having the maximum absorbance at 780 nm. The method has been applied for the determination of corticosteroids in Ayurvedic formulations. The method has been statistically validated in which the  Standard deviation ranging  from  0.0008 to 0.0135,Relative standard deviation from 0.08% to 1.35% and Standard error was varying from 0.0018 to 0.0060 for selected Ayurvedic formulations. The studies have shown that the method is fast, reproducible and accurate and can be used in the analysis of marketed formulations. The processed samples were stable up to 2 hours minimizing the error in terms of fluctuating absorbance values

Biofabrication and spectral characterization of silver nanoparticles and their cytotoxic studies on human CD34 +ve stem cells

Biosynthesis of plant-mediated silver nanoparticles is gaining significant importance due to environmentally safe ‘green method’ and it is an efficient alternative method. In the present study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using root extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra an important medicinal plant. The AgNPs are characterized by spectral analysis; the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of AgNPs showed maximum absorption at 445 nm. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) data show that the O–H hydroxyl groups, carboxylic acids, ester and ether groups and C–O stretching of alcohols have been utilized in the formation of AgNPs. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data reveal that the AgNPs are face-centered cubic (fcc) in structure. The size was determined by particle size analyzer and atomic force microscope (AFM); the results reveal that AgNPs were spherical in shape and the average grain size is determined as 41.5–46.5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs obtained show that AgNPs were roughly spherical and well dispersed with the sizes ranging from 10 to 45 nm ± 5 nm. The biofabricated AgNPs are extremely stable due to its high negative zeta potential −34.1 mV which indicates that the nanoparticles are polydispered in nature. The cytotoxic studies of AgNPs on human CD34 +ve stem cells in microcarrier culture reveal excellent growth at different concentrations of biosynthesized AgNPs. This is the first report of microcarrier culture of CD34 +ve stem cells on biosynthesized AgNPs. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13205-016-0532-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users