Memristive switching of MgO based magnetic tunnel junctions

Here we demonstrate that both, tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) and resistive switching (RS), can be observed simultaneously in nano-scale magnetic tunnel junctions. The devices show bipolar RS of 6 % and TMR ratios of about 100 %. For each magnetic state, multiple resistive sates are created depending on the bias history which provides a method for multi-bit data storage and logic. The electronic transport measurements are discussed in the framework of a memristive system. Differently prepared MgO barriers are compared to gain insight into the switching mechanism

Restitution Devolution?

(Excerpt) Part I of this Note traces the development of criminal restitution and child pornography law, placing the current federal statutory framework in its historical context. Part II surveys the cases that have dealt with the issue raised by Amy\u27s restitution claims, and explains the wide range of approaches courts have taken. Part III argues that restitution is a poor fit for non-production child pornography offenses. This section first shows how victims\u27 lawyers are misinterpreting the statute, and then moves into broader policy arguments in favor of disallowing restitution. Finally, Part IV of this Note proposes a victim compensation fund as an alternative to the unwieldy system of restitution under 18 U.S.C. § 2259. This section examines how such funds have been successfully implemented in other areas of the law and provides a sketch of how such a fund might operate for the benefit of child pornography victims

Restitution Devolution?

(Excerpt) Part I of this Note traces the development of criminal restitution and child pornography law, placing the current federal statutory framework in its historical context. Part II surveys the cases that have dealt with the issue raised by Amy\u27s restitution claims, and explains the wide range of approaches courts have taken. Part III argues that restitution is a poor fit for non-production child pornography offenses. This section first shows how victims\u27 lawyers are misinterpreting the statute, and then moves into broader policy arguments in favor of disallowing restitution. Finally, Part IV of this Note proposes a victim compensation fund as an alternative to the unwieldy system of restitution under 18 U.S.C. § 2259. This section examines how such funds have been successfully implemented in other areas of the law and provides a sketch of how such a fund might operate for the benefit of child pornography victims

A fundamental measure theory for the sticky hard sphere fluid

We construct a density functional theory (DFT) for the sticky hard sphere (SHS) fluid which, like Rosenfeld's fundamental measure theory (FMT) for the hard sphere fluid [Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 63}, 980 (1989)], is based on a set of weighted densities and an exact result from scaled particle theory (SPT). It is demonstrated that the excess free energy density of the inhomogeneous SHS fluid $\Phi_{\text{SHS}}$ is uniquely defined when (a) it is solely a function of the weighted densities from Kierlik and Rosinberg's version of FMT [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 42}, 3382 (1990)], (b) it satisfies the SPT differential equation, and (c) it yields any given direct correlation function (DCF) from the class of generalized Percus-Yevick closures introduced by Gazzillo and Giacometti [J. Chem. Phys. {\bf 120}, 4742 (2004)]. The resulting DFT is shown to be in very good agreement with simulation data. In particular, this FMT yields the correct contact value of the density profiles with no adjustable parameters. Rather than requiring higher order DCFs, such as perturbative DFTs, our SHS FMT produces them. Interestingly, although equivalent to Kierlik and Rosinberg's FMT in the case of hard spheres, the set of weighted densities used for Rosenfeld's original FMT is insufficient for constructing a DFT which yields the SHS DCF.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figure

Assisted Specification of Code Using Search

We describe an intelligent assistant based on mining existing software repositories to help the developer interactively create checkable specifications of code. To be most useful we apply this at the subsystem level, that is chunks of code of 1000-10000 lines that can be standalone or integrated into an existing application to provide additional functionality or capabilities. The resultant specifications include both a syntactic description of what should be written and a semantic specification of what it should do, initially in the form of test cases. The generated specification is designed to be used for automatic code generation using various technologies that have been proposed including machine learning, code search, and program synthesis. Our research goal is to enable these technologies to be used effectively for creating subsystems without requiring the developer to write detailed specifications from scratch

Anomalous Hall effect in the Co-based Heusler compounds Co2_{2}FeSi and Co2_{2}FeAl

The anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in the Heusler compounds Co$_{2}$FeSi and Co$_{2}$FeAl is studied in dependence of the annealing temperature to achieve a general comprehension of its origin. We have demonstrated that the crystal quality affected by annealing processes is a significant control parameter to tune the electrical resistivity $\rho_{xx}$ as well as the anomalous Hall resistivity $\rho_{ahe}$. Analyzing the scaling behavior of $\rho_{ahe}$ in terms of $\rho_{xx}$ points to a temperature-dependent skew scattering as the dominant mechanism in both Heusler compounds

Liquidity measures and cost of trading in an illiquid market

We provide the first in-depth study of trading on the Ukrainian stock exchange, using trade-by-trade data. Although Ukraine has some large listed companies, the market is quite illiquid. We study the efficiency of five liquidity measures in the market. The proportion of no-trading days is the most reliable of the five, while turnover, which is widely used in the literature, is a poor measure. On trading cost, trades in all size categories are executed within the quoted spread, as in other dealership markets, with medium-sized trades being the cheapest. The cost of sales is higher than the cost of purchases under all market conditions