7 research outputs found
Strategies to Target Tumor Immunosuppression
The tumor microenvironment is currently in the spotlight of cancer immunology research as a key factor impacting tumor development and progression. While antigen-specific immune responses play a crucial role in tumor rejection, the tumor hampers these immune responses by creating an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Recently, major progress has been achieved in the field of cancer immunotherapy, and several groundbreaking clinical trials demonstrated the potency of such therapeutic interventions in patients. Yet, the responses greatly vary among individuals. This calls for the rational design of more efficacious cancer immunotherapeutic interventions that take into consideration the “immune signature” of the tumor. Multimodality treatment regimens that aim to enhance intratumoral homing and activation of antigen-specific immune effector cells, while simultaneously targeting tumor immunosuppression, are pivotal for potent antitumor immunity
Performance of Waterborne Cu(II) Octanoate/Ethanolamine Wood Presevatives
Various aqueous wood preservative solutions containing Cu(II) in the form of copper(II) sulphate
or copper(II) octanoate, ethanolamine and in one case octanoic acid were investigated by spectrophotometry,
polarography and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Results
have shown the same coordination environment around Cu(II) in all solutions with ethanolamine.
Computer simulation of the EPR spectra also revealed that the coordination in the first coordination
sphere of copper is the same at low concentration of ethanolamine. At 20% ethanolamine
concentration, a mixture of two complexes (one with two nitrogens and the other with three) could
be detected. The active compound in the investigated ethanolamine containing solutions is the
same when previously synthesised copper(II) octanoate was used, or when copper(II) sulphate
and octanoic acid were utilized instead. Fungicidal and leaching experiments with the treated
wood resulted in the same conclusion: it is not necessary to use pre-synthesised copper(II) octanoate
for the preparation of waterborne copper/ethanolamine wood preservatives. Preservative
preparation time and costs can be reduced by simply dissolving copper(II) sulphate and octanoic
acid in aqueous ethanolamine solutions