SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL AND MOLECULAR MODELING STUDIES OF COUMARIN DERIVATIVES

Objective: To synthesize the 3-{2-[N'-(1-Pyridin-2-yl-ethylidene)-hydrazino]-thiazol-4-yl} coumarins and study their spectral and molecular properties by using the spectroscopy and molecular modeling techniques.Methods: Spectroscopy and Molecular modeling techniquesResults: The spectral behavior of 3-{2-[N'-(1-Pyridin-2-yl-ethylidene)-hydrazino]-thiazol-4-yl} coumarins (1.1-1.3) in aqueous buffers of varied pH is presented. Spectrophotometry was utilized to study its proton and electron transfer characteristics with the support of molecular modeling studies. An excellent analytical method of assaying of (1.1-1.3) has been developed in Spectrophotometry at pH = 6. Molecular modeling on various acid-base conjugates of (1.1-1.3) and their several conformers has been carried out to arrive at the thermodynamic and conformational issues to correlate the spectral and electrochemical observations.Conclusion: Electron transfer (ET) has been increasingly implicated as a biochemical pathway for the pharmacologic action of a variety of biological active compounds. These studies helps to understand the active form of the biological active compounds may have a catalytic function as an intermediary in passing electrons from a donor, such as DNA, protein, or an ET chain, to an acceptor, thereby exercising an influence on normal or aberrant ET chains, ion movements, membrane potentials, and oxidative stress. The actual agent may be the biological active compounds itself or a derived metabolite, such as a metal complex, oxidative product, or protonated form

Performance of layers on sorghum-based poultry feed rations

In this study, Sorghum bicolor cultivars CSV 15, PSV 16, CSH 16 and S 35 were supplied to farmers in Mahabubnagar and Ranga Reddy districts in Andhra Pradesh, India, in 2003 for poultry feed trials. Sorghum replaced maize at 0, 50 and 100% levels, including a 100% replacement + 3% Stylosanthes (Stylo) of the control diet. 500 chicks were divided into 42 groups with 6 treatments at 0, 50 and 100% sorghum diets in mash and pelleted forms

Performance of broilers on sorghum-based diets

The effect of replacing maize with sorghum grain on the performance of broilers was studied. Grain from 4 improved Sorghum bicolor cultivars (CSH 16, CSV 15, PSV 16 and S 35) and one traditional yellow variety were used to replace maize (control diet) in the starter (1-4 weeks) and finisher rations (5-6 weeks) of broilers by 50, 75 and 100% levels. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric and were homogeneous for lysine, methionine and cystine levels. One-day-old 512 commercial Cobb female broilers were divided into 64 groups with 16 dietary treatments and 4 replicates per treatment, with 8 birds in each. In a second trial, sorghum replacement was conducted without homogenizing the diets for nitrogen and energy contents. The study lasted for 6 weeks. It was shown that the liveweight gain and feed intake of broilers was statistically similar in sorghum diets at all inclusion levels compared to the control diet. However, the feed conversion efficiency of broilers in the 100% sorghum diet was significantly higher compared to the maize diet (P=0.05). A better feed conversion efficiency was found with the CSV 15, CSH 16, PSV 16 and the local cultivars at 100% inclusion levels. However, the yellow pigmentation of the skin and carcass of the broilers was better in the maize diet compared to the sorghum diets. Cost varied among and within cultivars at different inclusion levels, and was lower in CSV 15, PSV 16, S 35 and local sorghum cultivar-based diets. Cost was also much lower in CSV 15, PSV 16 and local sorghum cultivars at 100% inclusion level compared to maize. Feed cost per kg liveweight gain was lower with CSV 15 (Rs 17.16) and PSV 16 cultivars (Rs 17.62) compared to maize (Rs 18.02). Although pelleting increased feed costs (by Rs 0.25/kg), it also improved broiler production efficiency compared to mash in sorghum diets. Inclusion of Stylosanthes sp. leaf meal at 3% in 100% sorghum-based diets favourably improved the shank and skin colour of the carcass. Carcass yield and abdominal fat of broilers fed sorghum, sorghum + Stylosanthes sp. and maize diets were similar. In conclusion, the inclusion/replacement of sorghum in maize-based diets and pelleting improves the feed conversion ratio and decreases the total feed costs in broiler production

Synthesis & characterisation of copper(II), nickel(II), cobalt(II) & dioxouranium(VI) complexes of a new series of tetradentate binucleating schiff base ligands

309-313A new series of binucleating tetradentate ligands, Sal-dadpmX, and complexes of the type M2(SaldadpmX)2 have been synthesised and characterised by elemental analysis, spectral, magnetic and thermal studies, where Sal-dadpmX refers to 3,3'-di(X)-substituted-4,4'-bis(salicylideneimino)diphenylmethane (X=H, CH3, OCH3, Cl) and M=Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and dioxouranium(VI). The results indicate a binuclear structure for Cu(II) complexes with pseudo-tetrahedral geometry and polynuclear structures for Ni(II), Co(II) and dioxouranium(VI) complexes with near octahedral geometry. The two Cu(II) centres of Cu2(Sal-dadprnX)2 exhibit one step two-electron cyclic voltammetric responses due to Cu(II)/Cu(I) at ~ - 0.35V and Cu(II)/Cu(III) at ~ + 0.45V (vs SCE)

Kinetic and electrochemical aspects of two-electron reduction of ferrofluid by vitamin C in dilute aqueous solution

350-355<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:arial;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:="" en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The two-electron reduction of ferrofluid (FF) by vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid, H2A) and the reoxidation of the reduced product by molecular oxygen has been investigated in dilute aqueous acidic solutions (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">pH 2.5 -4.0) as a function of the variants, temperature ionic strength and concentrations of FF, H2A, H+ and molecular oxygen using potentiometric, spectrophotometric and voltammetric techniques. The rate of reaction was found to be first order with respect to the concentrations of H2A and FF, zero order with respect to molecular oxygen, inverse first order with respect to H+ and independent of ionic strength. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of a mechanism involving a rate determining outer sphere one-electron transfer. from vitamin C to FF followed by a subsequent and kinetically rapid transfer of the second electron of vitamin C to the same molecule of FF, which was already reduced by one electron in the rate determining step. Reduced product of FF gets reoxidized by molecular oxygen, making the overall two-electron oxidation of H2A catalytic at appreciable lower thermodynamic quantities.</span

Binuclear Copper(II) & Coba1t(II) Complexes of Tetradentate Schiff Base Ligands

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