Guida alla redazione degli atti amministrativi

La "Guida alla redazione degli atti amministrativi" intende fornire indicazioni per la redazione degli atti per tutti i funzionari della pubblica amministrazione. Si articola in tre parti: (a) la lingua degli atti, (b) la struttura del provvedimento amministrativo, (c) il rinvio ad altri atti. Ne è autore un gruppo di linguisti e giuristi facenti capo all'ITTIG-CNR (Istituto per le Tecniche e Tecnologie dell'Informazione Giuridica) e dell'Accademia della Crusca

Age-related changes in neutral lipid content of Paramecium primaurelia as revealed by nile red

none3P. RAMOINO; MARGALLO E.; NICOLO' G.Ramoino, Paola; Margallo, E.; Nicolo', G

Visualizing GABAB receptor internalization and intracellular trafficking

The number of neurotransmitter receptors on the plasma membrane is regulated by the traf fi c of intracellular vesicles. Golgi-derived vesicles provide newly synthesized receptors to the cell surface, whereas clathrincoated vesicles are the initial vehicles for sequestration of surface receptors, which are ultimately degraded or recycled. Here we use confocal laser scanning microscopy and multiple immuno fl uorescence analysis to study constitutive GABA B receptor internalization and intracellular traf fi cking in the single-celled organism Paramecium primaurelia . GABA B receptors display a dotted vesicular pattern dispersed on the cell surface and throughout the cytoplasm and are internalized via clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis. Indeed, GABA B receptors colocalize with the adaptin complex AP2, which is implicated in the selective recruitment of integral membrane proteins to clathrin-coated vesicles, and with caveolin 1, which is associated with uncoated membrane invaginations. After internalization, receptors are targeted to the early endosomes, characterized by the molecular markers EEA1 and rab5. Some of these receptors, addressed to recycling back to the plasma membrane, move from the early endosomes to the endosomal recycling compartment that is characterized by the presence of rab4 immunoreactivity. Receptors that are addressed to degradation exit the endosomal pathway at the early endosomes and move to the late endosome\u2013 lysosome pathway. In fact, some of the GABA B -positive compartments were identi fi ed as lysosomal structures by double staining with the lysosomal marker LAMP1. GABA B vesicle structures also colocalize with TGN38- and rab11-immunoreactivity. TGN38 and rab11 proteins are associated with post-Golgi and recycling endosomes, respectively