ANÁLISE E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO MECANISMO DE POTENCIAL DE INVESTIMENTO DA REDE TURÍSTICA EM UMA PANDEMIA

Transformation of the mechanism for increasing the investment potential of the territories of Russia in the context of the COVID-2019 pandemic repeatedly strengthens the importance of an active policy in the field of forming the concept of promoting territories in general and in particular in the interregional market of tourist services. In the current conditions of the pandemic, fundamentally new goals and objectives of regional policy create the basis for the search for new tools and technologies in the field of promoting territories in the interregional market of tourist services. At the heart of formation of the concept of promoting the territory in the market of tourist services lies the effective use of its tourist potential and formation of inter-organizational relations in the tourist-recreational network of the territory, which contributes to an increase in the attractiveness of a city, a region on the inter-regional market of tourist services. When forming the concept of promoting domestic regions in the interregional tourism services market, in addition to the consequences of the pandemic, it is necessary to take into account the current long-term trends: insufficient popularization of domestic territories in the tourism services market. The unsatisfactory quality of tourist services provided is confirmed by the contribution of tourism to the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation, which amounted to only 5.0% in 2019, with an average global value of this indicator of 10.2%.La transformación del mecanismo para aumentar el potencial de inversión de los territorios de Rusia en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-2019 refuerza repetidamente la importancia de una política activa en el campo de la formación del concepto de promoción de territorios en general y en particular en el mercado interregional de servicios turísticos. En las condiciones actuales de la pandemia, metas y objetivos fundamentalmente nuevos de la política regional sientan las bases para la búsqueda de nuevas herramientas y tecnologías en el campo de la promoción de territorios en el mercado interregional de servicios turísticos. En el corazón de la formación del concepto de promoción del territorio en el mercado de servicios turísticos se encuentra el aprovechamiento efectivo de su potencial turístico y la formación de relaciones interorganizacionales en la red turístico-recreativa del territorio, que contribuya al aumento de la atractivo de una ciudad, una región en el mercado interregional de servicios turísticos. Al formar el concepto de promoción de las regiones nacionales en el mercado de servicios turísticos interregionales, además de las consecuencias de la pandemia, es necesario tener en cuenta las tendencias actuales a largo plazo: insuficiente popularización de los territorios nacionales en el mercado de servicios turísticos. La calidad insatisfactoria de los servicios turísticos prestados se confirma por la contribución del turismo al producto interno bruto de la Federación de Rusia, que ascendió a solo el 5,0 % en 2019, con un valor global promedio de este indicador del 10,2 %.A transformação do mecanismo de aumento do potencial de investimento dos territórios da Rússia no contexto da pandemia de COVID-2019 reforça repetidamente a importância de uma política ativa no campo da formação do conceito de promoção de territórios em geral e em particular no mercado inter-regional de serviços turísticos. Nas condições atuais da pandemia, fundamentalmente novas metas e objetivos da política regional criam as bases para a busca de novas ferramentas e tecnologias no campo da promoção de territórios no mercado inter-regional de serviços turísticos. No cerne da formação do conceito de promoção do território no mercado de serviços turísticos está a utilização efetiva do seu potencial turístico e a formação de relações interorganizacionais na rede turístico-recreativa do território, o que contribui para um aumento da atratividade de uma cidade, uma região no mercado inter-regional de serviços turísticos. Ao formar o conceito de promoção das regiões domésticas no mercado de serviços turísticos inter-regionais, além das consequências da pandemia, é necessário levar em conta as tendências atuais de longo prazo: popularização insuficiente dos territórios domésticos no mercado de serviços turísticos. A qualidade insatisfatória dos serviços turísticos prestados é confirmada pela contribuição do turismo para o produto interno bruto da Federação Russa, que ascendeu a apenas 5,0% em 2019, com um valor médio global deste indicador de 10,2%

ANÁLISE E DESENVOLVIMENTO DO MECANISMO DE POTENCIAL DE INVESTIMENTO DA REDE TURÍSTICA EM UMA PANDEMIA

Transformation of the mechanism for increasing the investment potential of the territories of Russia in the context of the COVID-2019 pandemic repeatedly strengthens the importance of an active policy in the field of forming the concept of promoting territories in general and in particular in the interregional market of tourist services. In the current conditions of the pandemic, fundamentally new goals and objectives of regional policy create the basis for the search for new tools and technologies in the field of promoting territories in the interregional market of tourist services. At the heart of formation of the concept of promoting the territory in the market of tourist services lies the effective use of its tourist potential and formation of inter-organizational relations in the tourist-recreational network of the territory, which contributes to an increase in the attractiveness of a city, a region on the inter-regional market of tourist services. When forming the concept of promoting domestic regions in the interregional tourism services market, in addition to the consequences of the pandemic, it is necessary to take into account the current long-term trends: insufficient popularization of domestic territories in the tourism services market. The unsatisfactory quality of tourist services provided is confirmed by the contribution of tourism to the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation, which amounted to only 5.0% in 2019, with an average global value of this indicator of 10.2%.La transformación del mecanismo para aumentar el potencial de inversión de los territorios de Rusia en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-2019 refuerza repetidamente la importancia de una política activa en el campo de la formación del concepto de promoción de territorios en general y en particular en el mercado interregional de servicios turísticos. En las condiciones actuales de la pandemia, metas y objetivos fundamentalmente nuevos de la política regional sientan las bases para la búsqueda de nuevas herramientas y tecnologías en el campo de la promoción de territorios en el mercado interregional de servicios turísticos. En el corazón de la formación del concepto de promoción del territorio en el mercado de servicios turísticos se encuentra el aprovechamiento efectivo de su potencial turístico y la formación de relaciones interorganizacionales en la red turístico-recreativa del territorio, que contribuya al aumento de la atractivo de una ciudad, una región en el mercado interregional de servicios turísticos. Al formar el concepto de promoción de las regiones nacionales en el mercado de servicios turísticos interregionales, además de las consecuencias de la pandemia, es necesario tener en cuenta las tendencias actuales a largo plazo: insuficiente popularización de los territorios nacionales en el mercado de servicios turísticos. La calidad insatisfactoria de los servicios turísticos prestados se confirma por la contribución del turismo al producto interno bruto de la Federación de Rusia, que ascendió a solo el 5,0 % en 2019, con un valor global promedio de este indicador del 10,2 %.A transformação do mecanismo de aumento do potencial de investimento dos territórios da Rússia no contexto da pandemia de COVID-2019 reforça repetidamente a importância de uma política ativa no campo da formação do conceito de promoção de territórios em geral e em particular no mercado inter-regional de serviços turísticos. Nas condições atuais da pandemia, fundamentalmente novas metas e objetivos da política regional criam as bases para a busca de novas ferramentas e tecnologias no campo da promoção de territórios no mercado inter-regional de serviços turísticos. No cerne da formação do conceito de promoção do território no mercado de serviços turísticos está a utilização efetiva do seu potencial turístico e a formação de relações interorganizacionais na rede turístico-recreativa do território, o que contribui para um aumento da atratividade de uma cidade, uma região no mercado inter-regional de serviços turísticos. Ao formar o conceito de promoção das regiões domésticas no mercado de serviços turísticos inter-regionais, além das consequências da pandemia, é necessário levar em conta as tendências atuais de longo prazo: popularização insuficiente dos territórios domésticos no mercado de serviços turísticos. A qualidade insatisfatória dos serviços turísticos prestados é confirmada pela contribuição do turismo para o produto interno bruto da Federação Russa, que ascendeu a apenas 5,0% em 2019, com um valor médio global deste indicador de 10,2%

Work extraction in the spin-boson model

We show that work can be extracted from a two-level system (spin) coupled to a bosonic thermal bath. This is possible due to different initial temperatures of the spin and the bath, both positive (no spin population inversion) and is realized by means of a suitable sequence of sharp pulses applied to the spin. The extracted work can be of the order of the response energy of the bath, therefore much larger than the energy of the spin. Moreover, the efficiency of extraction can be very close to its maximum, given by the Carnot bound, at the same time the overall amount of the extracted work is maximal. Therefore, we get a finite power at efficiency close to the Carnot bound. The effect comes from the backreaction of the spin on the bath, and it survives for a strongly disordered (inhomogeneously broadened) ensemble of spins. It is connected with generation of coherences during the work-extraction process, and we derived it in an exactly solvable model. All the necessary general thermodynamical relations are derived from the first principles of quantum mechanics and connections are made with processes of lasing without inversion and with quantum heat engines.Comment: 30 pages, 6 figure

Work, free energy and dissipation in voltage driven single-electron transitions

We apply the general procedure presented by Jarzynski in [1] to the problem of dissipation in a voltage-driven single-electron box. We obtain the expression of dissipated work, and find its relation to the dissipation Q obtained in [2]. We show that the two quantities are identical in common gate protocols where the system makes a transition for sure

Thermal Diffusion of a Two Layer System

In this paper thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of a two layer system is examined from the theoretical point of view. We use the one dimensional heat diffusion equation with the appropriate solution in each layer and boundary conditions at the interfaces to calculate the heat transport in this bounded system. We also consider the heat flux at the surface of the samle as boundary condition instead of using a fixed tempertaure. From this, we obtain an expression for the efective thermal diffusivity of the composite sample in terms of the thermal diffusivity of its constituent materials whithout any approximations.Comment: 16 pages, 1 figure, RevTeX v. 3.0 macro packag

Stochastic deformation of a thermodynamic symplectic structure

A stochastic deformation of a thermodynamic symplectic structure is studied. The stochastic deformation procedure is analogous to the deformation of an algebra of observables like deformation quantization, but for an imaginary deformation parameter (the Planck constant). Gauge symmetries of thermodynamics and corresponding stochastic mechanics, which describes fluctuations of a thermodynamic system, are revealed and gauge fields are introduced. A physical interpretation to the gauge transformations and gauge fields is given. An application of the formalism to a description of systems with distributed parameters in a local thermodynamic equilibrium is considered.Comment: 22 pages, revtex preprint style; some notations changed and references added; some formulas and comments adde

Classical and Thermodynamic work fluctuations

We have studied the nature of classical work ($W_{c}$) and thermodynamic work ($W$) fluctuations in systems driven out of equilibrium both in transient and time periodic steady state. As the observation time of trajectory increases, we show that the number of trajectories which exhibit excursions away from the typical behaviour i.e., $W_{c}<0$, $W<\Delta F$ and dissipated heat $Q<0$ decreases as anticipated for macroscopic time scales. Analytical expressions for such trajectories are obtained. Trajectory for which $W_{c}<0$ may not correspond to $W<\Delta F$ or $Q<0$. The applicability of steady state fluctuation theorems are discussed in our linear as well as nonlinear models.Comment: Based on the talk presented by Mamata Sahoo at the Condensed Matter Days-Aug. 2008 held at Viswavarati University, Kolkata. 19 pages, 8 figure

Fluctuation theorems for stochastic dynamics

Fluctuation theorems make use of time reversal to make predictions about entropy production in many-body systems far from thermal equilibrium. Here we review the wide variety of distinct, but interconnected, relations that have been derived and investigated theoretically and experimentally. Significantly, we demonstrate, in the context of Markovian stochastic dynamics, how these different fluctuation theorems arise from a simple fundamental time-reversal symmetry of a certain class of observables. Appealing to the notion of Gibbs entropy allows for a microscopic definition of entropy production in terms of these observables. We work with the master equation approach, which leads to a mathematically straightforward proof and provides direct insight into the probabilistic meaning of the quantities involved. Finally, we point to some experiments that elucidate the practical significance of fluctuation relations.Comment: 48 pages, 2 figures. v2: minor changes for consistency with published versio

Кинетика распределения кардиопротектора АЛМ-802 в органах и тканях крыс

The distribution kinetics of a compound with cardioprotective activity, N1-(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)-N2-{2-[(2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl)amino] ethyl}-1,2-ethanediamine (ALM-802) in rat tissues and organs after single intragastric administration at a dose of 100 mg/kg. The values of ALM-802 tissue availability were determined. Tissue availability of ALM-802 falls in a row: kidneys→liver→heart→spleen→skeletal muscle→brain (129.3; 27.2; 20.9; 15.3; 5.9 and 0.3, respectively). It was found that ALM-802 is excreted from the body rather slowly: kel values ranged from 0.0252 to 0.0885 h–1, MRT values were 7.6–59.3 h.Изучена кинетика распределения соединения, обладающего кардиопротекторной активностью, N1-(2,3,4-триметоксибензил)-N2-{2-[(2,3,4-триметоксибензил)амино]этил}-1,2-этандиамина (АЛМ-802) в тканях и органах крыс после однократного внутрижелудочного введения в дозе 100 мг/кг. Определены величины тканевой доступности АЛМ-802. Тканевая доступность АЛМ-802 падает в ряду: почки→печень→сердце→ селезёнка→скелетная мышца→головной мозг (129,3; 27,2; 20,9; 15,3; 5,9 и 0,3, соответственно). Установлено, что АЛМ-802 выводится из организма животных достаточно медленно: значения kel варьировали от 0,0252 до 0,0885 ч–1, значения MRT составили 7,6–59,3 ч

Explanation of the Gibbs paradox within the framework of quantum thermodynamics

The issue of the Gibbs paradox is that when considering mixing of two gases within classical thermodynamics, the entropy of mixing appears to be a discontinuous function of the difference between the gases: it is finite for whatever small difference, but vanishes for identical gases. The resolution offered in the literature, with help of quantum mixing entropy, was later shown to be unsatisfactory precisely where it sought to resolve the paradox. Macroscopic thermodynamics, classical or quantum, is unsuitable for explaining the paradox, since it does not deal explicitly with the difference between the gases. The proper approach employs quantum thermodynamics, which deals with finite quantum systems coupled to a large bath and a macroscopic work source. Within quantum thermodynamics, entropy generally looses its dominant place and the target of the paradox is naturally shifted to the decrease of the maximally available work before and after mixing (mixing ergotropy). In contrast to entropy this is an unambiguous quantity. For almost identical gases the mixing ergotropy continuously goes to zero, thus resolving the paradox. In this approach the concept of ``difference between the gases'' gets a clear operational meaning related to the possibilities of controlling the involved quantum states. Difficulties which prevent resolutions of the paradox in its entropic formulation do not arise here. The mixing ergotropy has several counter-intuitive features. It can increase when less precise operations are allowed. In the quantum situation (in contrast to the classical one) the mixing ergotropy can also increase when decreasing the degree of mixing between the gases, or when decreasing their distinguishability. These points go against a direct association of physical irreversibility with lack of information.Comment: Published version. New title. 17 pages Revte