Microprocessor-controlled pulsed NQR spectrometer for automatic acquisition of Zeeman pertubed nuclear quadrupole spin echo envelope modulations (ZSEEM)

A simple microprocessor-controlled pulsed NQR spectrometer system has been developed with the capability to acquire Zeeman perturbed spin echo envelope modulations (ZSEEM). The CPU of the system is based on the Intel Corporation 8085A microprocessor. The performance of the spectrometer is illustrated with the presentation of ZSEEM spectra of NaCIO₃ and KC1O₃

Outcomes of patients with self-posioning with organophosphorous pesticides at a rural tertiary care hospital in Southern India

Background:Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are the main agents for pest control in agricultural crops making them the agent of choice for self-poisoning. In India, self-poisoning with OP pesticides is the second most frequently reported method of suicide owing to its ready and easy availability with mortality varying from 12% to 50%.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over a period of one year to compare the socio-demographic variables with the outcomes in patients with OP poisoning. A total 94 patients were consecutively included in the study and a statistical analysis was carried out. Results: Majority of the patients belonged to the 21-30 years age group (54.3%), emphasizing the involvement of the young and productive age group into suicidal attempts. The study population consisted of 58 males (61.7 %) and 36 females (38.3%) depicting a higher incidence of OP poisoning amongst males. There was an overall mortality of 3.2 % amongst the treated patients. Females had a higher mortality (5.6%) as compared to males (1.7%). It was observed that the mortality was the maximum among the 41-50 years age group patients (p = 0.007).Conclusions: Self-poisoning with OP pesticides is highly prevalent in the rural areas due to the ease of availability of these compounds and lack of regulatory control over the same. The young population is the most commonly affected by this. Regulation in sales and distribution of pesticides should be taken as a priority and early treatment yields a favourable outcome in majority of the patients.

IN VITRO HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ECHINOCHLOA COLONA ON ETHANOL-INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGE IN HEPG2 CELLS

  Objective: The current study was aimed to evaluate the methanolic extract of caryopses of Echinochloa colona (ECME) for its in vitro hepatoprotective activity against ethanol in HepG2 cell lines.Methods: In this regard, the cytotoxicity studies were conducted for the extract, ECME using 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to determine the inhibitory concentration 50% value based on which, the doses 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml were selected for the hepatoprotective studies in HepG2 cell lines. The toxicity was induced using ethanol (100 mM). The in vitro hepatoprotective activity of the extract was assessed based on the changes in the level of biochemical parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase.Results: The extract, ECME has shown a dose-dependent cytoprotective activity with maximum protection at 200 μg/ml. The percentage cell viability of the extract, ECME at 200 μg/ml was more, i.e., 69.33% which was well comparable to that of standard drug, silymarin (100 μg/ml).Conclusion: The study revealed that the extract had shown significant hepatoprotective activity at all the test doses against ethanol-induced cytotoxity assay

cis-1-Benzyl­pyrrolidine-2,5-dicarbonitrile

In the title compound, C13H13N3, the cyano groups at the 2- and 5-positions are eclipsed with each other. The phenyl ring is disordered over two sets of sites, with refined occupancies of 0.520 (5) and 0.480 (5). The angles between the mean plane of the pyrrolidine ring and the two cyano groups are 71.7 (9) and 75.0 (12)°

cis-2,5-Bis(2-fluoro-5-meth­oxy­pheneth­yl)pyrrolidinium formate

In the title compound, C22H28F2NO2 +·CHO2 −, there are three independent pyrrolidinium formate salt mol­ecules. In each cation, the central pyrrolidinium ring is not planar and the 2,5-disubstituted phenyl­ethyl groups are in equatorial positions. In the crystal, the ions are linked into a pair of chains parallel to the c axis by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the NH group of the pyrrolidinium ring and the formate O atoms

Casson nanofluid and Joule parameter effects on variable radiative flow of MHD stretching sheet

The fundamental of this study has been to analyze the Casson nanofluid and joule parameter effects on variable radiative flow of MHD stretching sheet. By applying similarity transformations, the governing equations (PDEs) for the flow are changed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The resulting equations are numerically solved by Keller Box Method with MATLAB tool. The variations of concentration, temperature and velocity profiles, the results of the most crucial physical parameters have been represented graphically and described. For different types factors, giving figures and numerical results for Sherwood number, Skin friction and Nusselt number are given and explained

Multiple-pulse investigations in pure NQR spectroscopy: influence of spin-locking and phase alternated pulse sequence (PAPS) on polycrystalline samples containing <SUP>35</SUP>Cl((I=3/2) nuclei

The NQR responses if 35Cl (I=3/2) in KClO3 and NaClO3 powder samples to two general categories of multiple-pulse sequences have been experimentally investigated. The sequences are: (i) spin-locking sequence (SLS), i.e. 90x-[&#964;-&#952;(X+&#966;)-&#964;]N and (ii) phase-alternated multiple-pulse sequence (PAPS), i.e. 90X-[&#964;-&#952;-X-2&#964;-&#952;X-&#964;]N. &#952;&#966; refers to an rf pulse with pulse angle &#952; and phase &#966;. SLS yields spin-locking for arbitrary &#952; and &#966; values as longas &#964;&#8804;T2 and the multiple-echo decay time constant (T2&#949;) for this case has been found to be much larger than the spin-spin relaxation time (T2) indicating that the resonance lines are narrowed. The observation that the spin-locking is insensitive to &#966; in powder specimen is a new result and cannot be explained on the basis of existing theories of multiple-pulse spin-locking in NQR spectroscopy. Line narrowing has also been observed with PAPS for arbitrary &#952; values and for &#964; values &#8804; T2. T2&#949; has been observed to be more sensitive to &#952; in this case than in the case of the spin-locking sequence