Application of FT-IR spectroscopy to analyze casein in cow milk

AbstractInfrared spectrometry is, at present, the most frequently applied methodology for the composition analysis of milk and dairy products. The determination of fat, protein and lactose has been described during recent decades. The introduction of Fourier Transform Infra-red (FT-IR) technology in combination with the application of multi-dimensional procedures (i.e. principal component regression, partial least squares) has improved this methodology, opening new perspectives for the simultaneous and routinely determination of many new parameters such as casein, urea, specific sugars, etc.. The aim of our study was to develop on MilkoScanTM FT 120 (Foss Electric, Hillerod, Denmark) a calibration curve for the analysis of casein in cow milk and to execute a preliminary validation. The calibration curve was developed on 89 individual milk samples collected from 4 dairy herds in the Grana-Padano cheese district. In order to obtain a higher variability of milk protein content and composition, in each herd m..

Mapping Asbestos-Cement Roofing with Hyperspectral Remote Sensing over a Large Mountain Region of the Italian Western Alps

The World Health Organization estimates that 100 thousand people in the world die every year from asbestos-related cancers and more than 300 thousand European citizens are expected to die from asbestos-related mesothelioma by 2030. Both the European and the Italian legislations have banned the manufacture, importation, processing and distribution in commerce of asbestos-containing products and have recommended action plans for the safe removal of asbestos from public and private buildings. This paper describes the quantitative mapping of asbestos-cement covers over a large mountainous region of Italian Western Alps using the Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer sensor. A very large data set made up of 61 airborne transect strips covering 3263 km2 were processed to support the identification of buildings with asbestos-cement roofing, promoted by the Valle d’Aosta Autonomous Region with the support of the Regional Environmental Protection Agency. Results showed an overall mapping accuracy of 80%, in terms of asbestos-cement surface detected. The influence of topography on the classification’s accuracy suggested that even in high relief landscapes, the spatial resolution of data is the major source of errors and the smaller asbestos-cement covers were not detected or misclassified

Seasonal variations of some enzyme activities of cow milk

Over sixty different enzymes have been reported to be indigenous to milk and many studies are concerned with their origin, their biological or physiological significance as indices of performance or health, or with their relevance in food processing, nutrition and product quality or stability (Andrews et al., 1991)

Application of FT-IR spectroscopy to analyze casein in cow milk.

Rivista IS

Effect of a different concentrate-forage sequence on digesta passage rate, faeces traits and milk features of dairy cows

To ascertain the effects of a different feed sequence, which could modify digestion rate and sites as well as metabolic - endocrine status and milk features, 6 lactating dairy cows have received the same diet with a different time of concentrate administration when close to the two daily forage meals: 30’ before or 60’ after them. Cows were tied in a barn with controlled temperature, humidity and light, individually fed and monitored for: daily dry matter intake, milk yield and its features at 2 milkings, concentrate passage rate and faecal traits. The results have showed that DMI, feeding behaviour, milk yield and milk features were not significantly affected (except fat content, increased when forage was supplied as first feed). The digesta passage rate was also different: concentrate escaped more rapidly from the rumen when fed before forage or 4 hours after them. This effect has not modified the faeces, but some endocrine and /or metabolic changes can be hypothesized, because milk fat content was increased when concentrate was supplied after forage

Multispectral technology for mining exploration in arid lands: a short review (tecnologia multispettrale per l’esplorazione d’idrocarburi in ambienti aridi: una breve review)

A oggi non esistono stime attendibili sull’effettiva consistenza delle risorse d’idrocarburi e solamente poco più di un quarto dei bacini potenzialmente interessanti ai fini dell’esplorazione sono stati adeguatamente studiati. Anche le tecniche d’indagine più sofisticate spesso si rivelano inadeguate o contraddittorie e per questo motivo numerose compagnie petrolifere stanno valutando le potenzialità offerte da altre nuove tecnologie, come ad esempio il Telerilevamento multispettrale. Questa breve review descrive lo stato dell’arte nella ricerca di microseep d’idrocarburi in ambienti aridi mediante l’utilizzo di tecniche di Telerilevamento ottico multispettrale

Minimum noise fraction transform for improving the classification of airborne hyperspectral data: two case studies

This paper investigates the use of Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF) components to improve the spectral separability of two specific thematic classes in airborne hyperspectral imagery using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM). Particularly, we compared trends on data distribution before and after MNF transform. Two different data sets recorded with the Multispectral Infrared Visible Imaging Spectrometer (MIVIS) were analyzed. In the first case study, the classification of MNF-transformed data led to an overall enhancement in mapping asbestos roofs. In the second case study, the classification of MNF-transformed data succeeded to distinguish between two different artificial lakes, whereas classification of original hyperspectral data failed. Overall, this study showed how the use of MNF as pre-processing could improve the capability to extract information from two different airborne hyperspectral data sets

Remote Sensing Urban Analysis

Satellite remote sensing is the process of collecting information about the Earth’s surface from the space through the measure of electromagnetic radiation. Nowadays, remote sensing is a mature technology used to extract, analyze and detect changes of geographic and thematic information over large areas, inacces-sible sites or where only limited knowledge is available. In this chapter we describe how satellite’s data collected over Multan (Pakistan) have been used for mapping and monitoring the dynamics of the urban area. A multi-scale approach allowed to evaluate the urban growth of the Municipality area occurred in the last 2 dec-ades with medium-resolution Landsat-5/TM time series. Urban green plots and in-frastructures (buildings and roads) have been mapped at the local scale of the his-toric Walled City with the state of the art GeoEye-1 and WorldView-2 very high-resolution multispectral imagery