Cytochrome P450 2S1 Depletion Enhances Cell Proliferation and Migration in Bronchial Epithelial Cells, in Part, through Modulation of Prostaglandin E 2 Synthesis

ABSTRACT: Cytochromes P450 (P450s) contribute to the metabolic activation and inactivation of various endogenous substrates. Despite years of research, the physiological role of CYP2S1 remains unknown. CYP2S1 has demonstrated NADPH P450-reductase-independent metabolism of cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins [e.g., prostaglandin G 2 (PGG 2 )] at nanomolar concentrations. Arachidonic acid is converted to prostaglandin precursors [PGG 2 and prostaglandin H 2 (PGH 2 )] through COX. These precursors are used to synthesize numerous prostanoids, including PGE 2 . Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) promotes cell proliferation and cell migration and inhibits apoptosis. CYP2S1 metabolism of PGG 2 presumably sequesters PGG 2 and PGH 2 , making them unavailable for synthesis of prostanoids such as PGE 2 . Whether CYP2S1 contributes to prostaglandin metabolism and influences cell physiological remains to be determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological role of CYP2S1, if any, in human bronchial epithelial cells [SV40-derived bronchial epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B)]. To do this, we used small interfering RNA to deplete CYP2S1 mRNA and protein by approximately 75% and evaluated the impact of CYP2S1 depletion on cell proliferation and migration. CYP2S1 depletion enhanced both cell proliferation and migration in BEAS-2B cells. Consistent with the proposed role of CYP2S1 in PGE 2 synthesis, the reduction in CYP2S1 expression doubled intracellular PGE 2 levels. Pharmacological administration of PGE 2 enhanced cell proliferation in BEAS-2B cells but failed to promote migration. Our data reveal an important role for CYP2S1 in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration, occurring in part through modulation of prostaglandin synthesis

Scanned–array audio beamforming using 2nd− and 3rd–order 2D IIR beam filters on FPGA

Real-time scanned-array direct-form-I hardware implementations of two-dimensional (2D) infinite impulse response (IIR) frequency-planar beam plane-wave (PW) filters have potentially wide applications in the directional enhancement of spatio-temporal broadband PWs based on their directions of arrival (DOAs). The proposed prototypes consist of a microphone sensor array, low-noise-amplifiers (LNAs), multiplexers (MUXs), a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), an analog to digital converter (ADC), a digital to analog converter (DAC), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit based 2D IIR spatiotemporal beam filter implemented on a single Xilinx Virtex2P xc2vp30-7ff896 FPGA chip. Starting from published 1st-order designs, novel FPGA architectures for highly-selective 2nd- and 3rd-order beam PW filters are proposed, simulated, implemented on FPGA, and verified on-chip

Proof of sense:a novel consensus mechanism for spectrum misuse detection

Abstract Optimal use of scarce radio spectrum is essential in the proliferation of beyond 5G networks, and promising blockchain technology offers various benefits for the spectrum management. However, existing blockchain-based solutions are expensive, nonoptimized, and lack spectrum fraud detection. This article proposes a novel consensus mechanism for a blockchain-based dynamic spectrum access (DSA) system. The proposed “ Proof-of-Sense ” consensus mechanism operates based on spectrum sensing procedures rather than cryptographic calculations. It is specially designed to address fraudulent/unauthorized access to the spectrum by analyzing the sensed spectrum data. The core of the consensus mechanism is a cryptographic key sharing mechanism inspired by Shamir’s secret sharing scheme. Moreover, the proposed DSA system can enable different microservices, such as automated spectrum auctions, payment and penalty handling, and spectrum fraud detection. A proof of concept based on experimental approaches coupled with Matlab simulations is presented to analyze the performance of the proposed consensus mechanism

Burkholderia cepacia; an unusual cause of multiple splenic abscesses : A case report

Burkholderia cepacia is an uncommon, multidrug resistant pathogen. We present a patient with a history of recent malignancy and uncontrolled diabetes, who presented with bacteraemia and multiple splenic abscesses due to this organism. She was managed conservatively, and made a good recovery. A high index of suspicion is required to arrive at the microbiological diagnosis and provide effective management