EFFECTS OF AMLODIPIN AND METOPROLOL ON AUTONOMIC SYSTEM IN EMOTIONAL AND COLD TESTS IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE

Aim. To asses effects of amlodipin and metoprolol on autonomic system in emotional and cold tests in hypertensive patients with different psychological profile (PP) Material and methods. 61 patients with arterial hypertension of II grade were observed. Therapy with amlodipin or metoprolol was prescribed and allowed to reach target blood pressure (BP) level in all the patients. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1-st one – patients with normal PP, 2-nd group – patients with subclinical depression. Patients were examined before and 30 days after therapy. Examination included ambulatory BP monitoring, assessment of autonomic status by variational intervalometry and spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in cold and emotional tests. Depression and anxiety levels were determined with Bek’s and HADS scales.  Results. Treatment with amlodipin  and metoprolol can result in improvement, worsening or unchanging of PP.  In hypertensive patients with subclinical depression improving their PP resulted in autonomic reaction change: sympathetic activity increases and reaction on stress becomes more adequate. If subclinical depression occurred in hypertensive patients because of amlodipin and metoprolol therapy, sympathetic system stress-reaction decreased and parasympathetic influence increased. Conclusion. The study results show necessity of psychometric examination of hypertensive patients in order to reveal subclinical depression and anxiety

New calix[4]arene-based amides - Their synthesis, conformation, complexation

New chiral calix[4]arene-based diol-diamides 1a, 1b, tetraamides 2a, 2b and 7 as well as achiral diamide 3 and tetraamides 4-6 were prepared. The conformation of 1 has been studied in solution by NMR and in solid state by X-ray crystallography. The pinched-cone conformation of the calix[4]arene skeleton in 1 was found to be stabilized by a circular array of hydrogen bonds formed by two phenolic O-H and two amidic N-H bonds at lower rim. Whereas no significant complexation of Na+ was observed in solution for diamides 1 and 3, tetraamides 2, 4, 5, and 6 give strong complexes with Na+ as confirmed by NMR titrations of 2 and 4. The influence of anions and the solvents used on complexation ability of 2 towards Na+ is negligible

The dissociation catastrophe in fluctuating-charge models and its implications for the concept of atomic electronegativity

We have recently developed the QTPIE (charge transfer with polarization current equilibration) fluctuating-charge model, a new model with correct dissociation behavior for nonequilibrium geometries. The correct asymptotics originally came at the price of representing the solution in terms of charge-transfer variables instead of atomic charges. However, we have found an exact reformulation of fluctuating-charge models in terms of atomic charges again, which is made possible by the symmetries of classical electrostatics. We show how this leads to the distinguishing between two types of atomic electronegativities in our model. While one is a intrinsic property of individual atoms, the other takes into account the local electrical surroundings. This suggests that this distinction could resolve some confusion surrounding the concept of electronegativity as to whether it is an intrinsic property of elements, or otherwise.Comment: 17 pages, prepared for "Proceedings of QSCP-XIII" in Prog. Theor. Chem. Phy

Heart failure development in patients with arterial hypertension and various variants of heart remodeling

Aim. To study the prognosis of heart failure (HF) development in male and female patients with arterial hypertension (AH) and various heart remodeling variants. Material and methods. The study included 48 men and 41 women of comparable age, with Stage II AH, at baseline free of HF or other diseases resulting in heart remodeling. All participants underwent Doppler echocardiography. The incidence of clinical HF cases during 5-year follow-up was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results. During 5-year follow-up, HF symptoms were registered in 50 % men with left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy (LVH) and 9 % men without LVH, as well as in 22 % women with LVH and 14 % LVH-free women. Cumulative rate of AH men with normal LV geometry and manifested LV diastolic dysfunction (DD; Е/А<1,0), who demonstrated HF symptoms in 5 years, was 40 %; in AH men without LV DD, no HF symptoms were registered in the same period. In all AH men with Е/А>1,5, HF symptoms manifested during 5-year follow-up. Conclusion. LV myocardial mass and manifested DD are independent predictors of HF development in AH patients. Prognostic value of manifested LV DD is higher than that for LVH

EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE ADMINISTRATION ON MYOCARDIAL REMODELING IN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

Aim. To study structural changes in the myocardium of Wistar rats after a single administration of epinephrine.Material and methods. Structural changes in male Wistar rat’s left (LV) and right (RV) ventricle myocardium after a single injection of epinephrine were studied.Results. The density of extracellular spaces in bothLV and RV myocardium increases first after single epinephrine injection (after 2 hours), and then-decreases below reference values in the next control points. It remains so even after 1 month after a single injection of epinephrine in both theLV (3.95±0.64-vs 6.83±0.30 vol% in the control group; p<0.05) and RV (4.71±0.55 vs 6.09±0.33 vol% in the control group; p<0.05). The density of collagen-fibers in both ventricles increases in all the control points, and more significantly in the RV than in theLV after 2 and 24 hours. After 2 hours the density-of collagen fibers in the RV was 25.8±1.39 vs 19.85±1.50 vol% in theLV (p<0.05), and after 24 hours it is 1.5 times higher – 30.47±1.98 vs-18.47±1.27 vol%, respectively, (p<0.05). The cardiomyocytes density in both ventricles decreases considerably without reaching control values even-in 1 month after a single injection of epinephrine.Conclusion. Severe structural changes develop after single administration of epinephrine in both ventricles rat’s myocardium within 2 hours and persist during the first day. At that structural remodeling of theLV and RV ventricles is asynchronous. Complete regression of morphological changes in the myocardium bothLV and RV does not occur even after 1 month after a single injection of epinephrine. The high values of collagen fibers density, that are observed in both ventricles in acute adrenergic stress model, make it possible to assume that single administration of epinephrine triggers myocardial fibrogenesis mechanisms, which are continuing despite the cessation of drug exposure

EFFECT OF AMLODIPINE ON CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN HYPERTENSIVE FEMALE PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PSYCHO-EMOTIONAL BACKGROUND

Aim. To study the changes in indicators of 24-hours blood pressure (BP) monitoring during the antihypertensive treatment with amlodipine in hypertensive women with normal psycho-emotional status or with subclinical depression.Material and methods.  29 women with stage 2 hypertension were divided into 2 groups. 24-hours BP monitoring was performed in Group 1 (n=15; mean age 45.4±1.7 years; with normal psycho-emotional status) and Group 2 (n=14; mean age 46.7±1.3 years; with subclinical depression) at base- line and after 1 month of amlodipine treatment. We analyzed the dynamics of the following indicators: time index (VI), load measurement index (AI) of increased and reduced systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, reflecting the influence of hypertension and hypotension on the target organs.Results.  BP variability during the day was higher in group 2 than in group 1. Increase in load by increased DBP at night was found during amlodipine therapy in both groups: from 34.5±8.7 to 84.8±14.8 (p=0.006) in the Group 1 and from 38.5±10.2 to 95.3±14.7 (p=0.004) in the Group 2. Be- sides increase in load by reduced SBP during a day was also observed in both groups: from 9.1±3.2 to 45.4±12.8 (p=0.0039) in the Group 1 and from 0.5±0.06 to 53.8±13.1 (p=0.0016) in the Group 2. DBP variability at night increased from 7.5±0.8 to 10.3±0.8 (p=0.011) in the Group 1 and from 8.5±0.4 to 9.7±0.8 (p=0.083) in the Group 2. Increase in severity of subclinical depression according to HADS was demonstrated in Group 2 after one month of treatment with amlodipine.Conclusion.  The use of amlodipine requires regular control of 24-hours BP monitoring indices and assessment of mental and emotional status dynamic

DOPAMINE EFFECT ON CARDIAC REMODELING IN EXPERIMENT

Aim. To study morphologic changes in myocardium of Wistar rats caused by single and long term dopamine administration.Methods. In acute study dopamine 10 mkg/kg was administrated to 15 rats by a single intraperitoneal injection. The material was taken in 2, 6, 24 hours and in 1 month after drug administration. In chronic study dopamine 10 mkg/kg was administrated to 15 rats 3 times a day by intraperitoneal injections during 2 weeks. The material was taken just after the drug administration was stopped and in 1 month of animals keeping without stress and drug influences. Control group included 15 rats comparable with experimental animals in age and weight. They were keeped without stress and drug influences. Morphometric parameters of left and right ventricles were evaluated as well as density of cardiomyocytes, collagen, vessels and volume of extracellular space.Results. The enlargement of cardiac fibrosis is found both in acute, and in chronic study. In acute study cardiac fibrosis was located mainly in a right ventricle. In chronic study cardiac fibrosis was located in both ventricles, but also mainly in a right one.Conclusion. Significant morphological «asynchronism» of the left and right ventricles remodeling requires elaboration of methods of myocardium protection and cardiac function control during dopamine administration. </p

New calix[4]arene-based amides - Their synthesis, conformation, complexation

New chiral calix[4]arene-based diol-diamides 1a, 1b, tetraamides 2a, 2b and 7 as well as achiral diamide 3 and tetraamides 4-6 were prepared. The conformation of 1 has been studied in solution by NMR and in solid state by X-ray crystallography. The pinched-cone conformation of the calix[4]arene skeleton in 1 was found to be stabilized by a circular array of hydrogen bonds formed by two phenolic O-H and two amidic N-H bonds at lower rim. Whereas no significant complexation of Na+ was observed in solution for diamides 1 and 3, tetraamides 2, 4, 5, and 6 give strong complexes with Na+ as confirmed by NMR titrations of 2 and 4. The influence of anions and the solvents used on complexation ability of 2 towards Na+ is negligible

New calix[4]arene-based amides - Their synthesis, conformation, complexation

New chiral calix[4]arene-based diol-diamides 1a, 1b, tetraamides 2a, 2b and 7 as well as achiral diamide 3 and tetraamides 4-6 were prepared. The conformation of 1 has been studied in solution by NMR and in solid state by X-ray crystallography. The pinched-cone conformation of the calix[4]arene skeleton in 1 was found to be stabilized by a circular array of hydrogen bonds formed by two phenolic O-H and two amidic N-H bonds at lower rim. Whereas no significant complexation of Na+ was observed in solution for diamides 1 and 3, tetraamides 2, 4, 5, and 6 give strong complexes with Na+ as confirmed by NMR titrations of 2 and 4. The influence of anions and the solvents used on complexation ability of 2 towards Na+ is negligible