Advanced Modeling of Cold Crucible Induction Melting for Process Control and Optimization

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI” (ETU) have collaborated on development and validation of an advanced numerical model of the cold crucible induction melting (CCIM) process. This work was conducted in support of the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Environmental Management Technology and Engineering (EM-20) International Program. The model predicts quasi-steady state temperature distributions, convection cell configurations, and flow field velocities for a fully established melt of low conductivity non-magnetic materials at high frequency operations. The INL/ETU ANSYS© finite element model is unique in that it has been developed specifically for processing borosilicate glass (BSG) and other glass melts. Specifically, it accounts for the temperature dependency of key material properties, some of which change by orders of magnitude within the temperature ranges experienced (temperature differences of 500oC are common) in CCIM processing of glass, including density, viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat, and electrical resistivity. These values, and their responses to temperature changes, are keys to understanding the melt characteristics. Because the model has been validated, it provides the capability to conduct parametric studies to understand operational sensitivities and geometry effects. Additionally, the model can be used to indirectly determine difficult to measure material properties at higher temperatures such as resistivity, thermal conductivity and emissivity. The model can also be used to optimize system design and to predict operational behavior for specific materials and system configurations, allowing automated feedback control. This becomes particularly important when designing melter systems for full-scale industrial applications

Гидроэнергетика - национальный ресурс Беларуси

The main reason of return to so called «small hydraulic power engineering», involvement of local hydraulic power resources in power balance of the Republic is significant changes of social and economical conditions of management, acute deficit and high price of local and in^orted resources of fuel, oil, gas, electric power, respectively.The paper analyses hydraulic power engineering potential of the Republic of Belarus. History of the development of hydraulic power engineering in the Republic, program of restoration and construction of hydraulic power stations, some prospective projects that ate planned for realization are presented in the paper.Основной причиной возврата к «малой гидроэнергетике», вовлечения собственных гидроэнергоресурсов в энергобаланс республики явились существенное изменение социально- экономических условий хозяйствования, резкий дефицит собственных и удорожание импортируемых нефти, газа, электроэнергии.Проведен анализ гидроэнергетического потенциала Республики Беларусь, представлены история развития гидроэнергетики в стране, программа восстановления и строительства ГЭС, ряд перспективных проектов, которые намечены к реализации

Hydraulic Power Engineering - National Resource of Belarus

The main reason of return to so called «small hydraulic power engineering», involvement of local hydraulic power resources in power balance of the Republic is significant changes of social and economical conditions of management, acute deficit and high price of local and in^orted resources of fuel, oil, gas, electric power, respectively.The paper analyses hydraulic power engineering potential of the Republic of Belarus. History of the development of hydraulic power engineering in the Republic, program of restoration and construction of hydraulic power stations, some prospective projects that ate planned for realization are presented in the paper

Phase equilibria in the FeO1+x–UO2–ZrO2 system in the FeO1+x-enriched domain

Experimental results of the investigation of the FeO1+x–UO2–ZrO2 system in neutral atmosphere are presented. The ternary eutectic position and the composition of the phases crystallized at this point have been determined. The phase diagram is constructed for the FeO1+x-enriched region and the onset melting temperature of 1310 C probably represents a local minimum and so will be a determining factor in this system and its application to safety studies in nuclear reactors. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.JRC.E.2-Hot cell

Eutectic Crystallization in the FeO1.5¿UO2+x¿ZrO2 System

Results of the investigation of the FeO1.5¿UO2+x¿ZrO2 system in air are presented. The eutectic position and the content of the phases crystallized at this point have been determined. The temperature and the composition of the ternary eutectic are 1323 ± 7 C and 67.4 ± 1.0 FeO1.5, 30.5 ± 1.0 UO2+x, 2.1 ± 0.2 ZrO2 mol.%, respectively. The solubilities of FeO1.5 and ZrO2 in the UO2+x(FeO1.5, ZrO2) solid solution correspond to respectively 3.2 and 1.1 mol.%. The solubilities of UO2 and ZrO2 in FeO1.5 are not significant. The existence of a solid solution on the basis of U(Zr)FeO4 compound is found. The ZrO2 solubility in this solid solution is 7.0 mol.%.JRC.E.2-Hot cell