Complications De L\'épaule De L\'hémiplégique Vasculaire : Prévalence Et Facteurs Associés Au Sein D\'une Population De Cérébrolésés Vasculaires Au Chu D\'abidjan (Côte D\'ivoire)

Objectif Evaluer la fréquence des complications de l\'épaule de l\'hémiplégique vasculaire et identifier les facteurs associés à ces complications Méthodes C\'est une étude prospective réalisée entre Juin et Octobre 2005 au Centre hospitalo-universitaire de Cocody (Abidjan, Cote d\'Ivoire). Elle concerne des patients admis en consultation de rééducation fonctionnelle (RF) ou en hospitalisation de neurologie. Résultats Cinquante patients âgés en moyenne de 56,6 ± 13,4 ans (extrêmes de 29 et 85 ans) avec un sexe ratio de 1,17 en faveur des femmes, recrutés le plus souvent en RF (60%) ont été inclus dans cette étude. Ils avaient un accident vasculaire cérébral (AVC) principalement ischémique (72%), qui évoluait en moyenne depuis 11,3 ± 12,9 semaines. Parmi eux 28 (56%) avaient une complication de l\'épaule qui était : une douleur (DL, n=25), un syndrome épaule-main (SEM, n=10) ou une subluxation (SUB, n=18). Ces complications étaient associées dans 46,4% des cas. Ces patients étaient plus âgés, avaient un AVC plus ancien, un index moteur du membre supérieur plus faible mais un niveau d\'autonomie globale semblable à celui des patients sans complications. Ni l\'âge, ni la durée d\'évolution de l\'AVC n\'était différent selon le type de complication diagnostiqué. La fonctionnalité était associé à la SUB (dans 72,2% des SUB le Frenchay arm test était égal à 0 vs 37,5% chez les patients sans SUB p=0,02) tandis que le tonus des adducteurs du bras était associé à la DL (dans 40% des DL le tonus des adducteurs était égal à 1 vs 84% chez les patients ne présentant pas de DL p=0,006). Conclusion L\'épaule douloureuse de l\'hémiplégique est donc une complication fréquemment retrouvée dans notre étude. Des études ultérieures seront utiles pour conforter la fréquence de ces complications, l\'impact des différents facteurs qui semblent s\'y associer et analyser les possibilités de prise en charge tant curative que préventive dans notre milieu Objective To assess the frequency of shoulder complications among subjects with vascular hemiplegia and to identify factors associated with these complications. Methods Conducted between June and October 2005 at the teaching hospital of Cocody (Abidjan, Cote d\'Ivoire), this prospective survey concerned outpatients of rehabilitation unit (FS) and inpatients of neurology unit. Results Fifty patients with an average age of 56.6 ± 13, 4 years (ranged from 29 to 85), a sex ratio of 1.17 in favour of females, mainly recruited in the rehabilitation unit (60%) were included in this study. They had a stroke, mainly ischemic (72%), which progressed in average for 11, 3 ± 12.9 weeks. Among them 28 (56%) had a shoulder complication which was: a shoulder pain (SP, n=25), a shoulder-hand syndrome (n=10), or a glenohumeral joint subluxation (SUB, n=18). These complications were associated in 46.4% of cases. These patients were older, had a stroke progressing for a more long time, a lower pectoral limb motor index but a global self-sufficiency not different from the one of patients without shoulder complications. Neither age nor stroke progress duration was different according to the type of complication diagnosed. The functionality was associated with SUB (in 72,2% of SUB cases the Frenchay arm test was null vs 37,5% among patients without SUB p=0.02) while tonus was associated with pain (in 40% of SP cases the spasticity was scored 1 at the Aswhorth scale vs 84% among patients without SP p=0.006). Conclusion In our study hemiplegic shoulder pain were predominant. Further studies will be necessary in order to precise the prevalence of these complications, the relations with variable factors and to discuss the treatment best adapted to our social and professional environment. Keywords: Stroke ; Shoulder pain ; Shoulder-hand syndrome, Glenohumeral joint subluxation; AfricaAfrican Journal of Neurological Sciences Vol. 27 (1) 2008: pp. 11-1

Detection of municipalities at-risk of Lyme disease using passive surveillance of Ixodes scapularis as an early signal: A province-specific indicator in Canada.

Lyme disease, the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in North America, is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, which is transmitted by Ixodes scapularis in eastern Canada and Ixodes pacificus in western Canada. Recently, the northward range expansion of I. scapularis ticks, in south-eastern Canada, has resulted in a dramatic increase in the incidence of human Lyme disease. Detecting emerging areas of Lyme disease risk allows public health to target disease prevention efforts. We analysed passive tick surveillance data from Ontario and Manitoba to i) assess the relationship between the total numbers of I. scapularis submissions in passive surveillance from humans, and the number of human Lyme disease cases, and ii) develop province-specific acarological indicators of risk that can be used to generate surveillance-based risk maps. We also assessed associations between numbers of nymphal I. scapularis tick submissions only and Lyme disease case incidence. Using General Estimating Equation regression, the relationship between I. scapularis submissions (total numbers and numbers of nymphs only) in each census sub-division (CSD) and the number of reported Lyme disease cases was positively correlated and highly significant in the two provinces (P ≤ 0.001). The numbers of I. scapularis submissions over five years discriminated CSDs with ≥ 3 Lyme disease cases from those with < 3 cases with high accuracy when using total numbers of tick submission (Receiver Operating Characteristics area under the curve [AUC] = 0.89) and moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.78) when using nymphal tick submissions only. In Ontario the optimal cut-off point was a total 12 tick submissions from a CSD over five years (Sensitivity = 0.82, Specificity = 0.84), while in Manitoba the cut-off point was five ticks (Sensitivity = 0.71, Specificity = 0.79) suggesting regional variability of the risk of acquiring Lyme disease from an I. scapularis bite. The performances of the acarological indicators developed in this study for Ontario and Manitoba support the ability of passive tick surveillance to provide an early signal of the existence Lyme disease risk areas in regions where ticks and the pathogens they transmit are expanding their range

Hepatitis B virus prevalence and vaccination in men who have sex with men in West Africa (CohMSM ANRS 12324-expertise France)

Background. Although men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, they do not have access to vaccination in West Africa, which is a highly endemic region. We investigated HBV prevalence and associated factors, as well as acceptability and difficulties of vaccination in MSM enrolled in an operational research program in Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Mali, and Togo. Methods. We followed up 779 MSM in 2015-2018. Participants who were negative for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies (anti-HBs) at enrollment were offered HBV vaccination. Factors associated with HBV infection were identified using logistic regression models. Results. Overall, HBV prevalence was 11.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.0%-13.6%). It was lower in Togo than in Cote d'Ivoire (2.7% vs 17.3%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.28) and higher in participants with 6+ recent male sexual partners (21.0% vs 9.3%; aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12-1.97). Of 528 participants eligible for vaccination, 484 (91.7%) were willing to be vaccinated and received at least 1 dose (ranging from 68.2% in Abidjan to 96.4% in Bamako; P < .001). Of the latter, 390 (80.6%) received 3 or 4 doses. The proportion of participants for whom the minimum required time between each dose was respected ranged from 10.9% in Bamako to 88.6% in Lome (P < .001). Conclusions. MSM in West Africa should be targeted more for HBV screening and vaccination. Although vaccination is well accepted by MSM, greater training of health care workers and education of MSM are required

Taking empowerment into account : the response of community-based organisations to the HIV care needs of men who have sex with men in West Africa (CohMSM ANRS 12324-Expertise France)

Empowerment is an ongoing process through which individuals and communities appropriate power and acquire the capability to function autonomously. Research on empowerment in men who have sex with men (MSM) is lacking in community-based contexts. We investigated the relationship between willingness to be empowered and HIV care needs in West African MSM accessing community-based organisations' (CBO) services. Fifty-three interviews were administered to HIV-negative MSM participating in the CohMSM study (Mali, Burkina Faso, Cote d'Ivoire, Togo). Five indicators of empowerment were identified from a discourse analysis: (i) motivation to access HIV services, (ii) willingness to improve HIV services, (iii) desire to be involved in new activities, (iv) desire to participate in such services, (v) willingness to collaborate in decision making. Based on these indicators, participants were classified into two profiles: high (19/53, 36%) and low (34/53, 64%) level of willingness to be empowered (HWE, LWE). Using a thematic analysis, HWE participants were focused on collective benefit (preventive follow-up, questions about MSM identity), while LWE participants were centred on individual benefit (medical care). CBOs should consider empowerment as a tool to advance collective health benefits for MSM. To improve empowerment in MSM, specific training on issues regarding sexual identity and stigma is needed for CBO providers