428 research outputs found
Academic freedom: in justification of a universal ideal
This paper examines the justification for, and benefits of, academic freedom to academics, students, universities and the world at large. The paper surveys the development of the concept of academic freedom within Europe, more especially the impact of the reforms at the University of Berlin instigated by Wilhelm von Humboldt. Following from this, the paper examines the reasons why the various facets of academic freedom are important and why the principle should continue to be supported
Nonfactorizable contributions to the decay mode D^0 -> K^0 \bar{K^0}
We point out that the decay mode D^0 -> K^0 \bar{K^0} has no factorizable
contribution. In the chiral perturbation language, treating D^0 as heavy, the
O(p) contribution is zero. We calculate the nonfactorizable chiral loop
contributions of order O(p^3). Then, we use a heavy-light type chiral quark
model to calculate nonfactorizable tree level terms, also of order O(p^3),
proportional to the gluon condensate. We find that both the chiral loops and
the gluon condensate contributions are of the same order of magnitude as the
experimental amplitude.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figure
MINERvA neutrino detector response measured with test beam data
The MINERvA collaboration operated a scaled-down replica of the solid
scintillator tracking and sampling calorimeter regions of the MINERvA detector
in a hadron test beam at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility. This article reports
measurements with samples of protons, pions, and electrons from 0.35 to 2.0
GeV/c momentum. The calorimetric response to protons, pions, and electrons are
obtained from these data. A measurement of the parameter in Birks' law and an
estimate of the tracking efficiency are extracted from the proton sample.
Overall the data are well described by a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation of
the detector and particle interactions with agreements better than 4%, though
some features of the data are not precisely modeled. These measurements are
used to tune the MINERvA detector simulation and evaluate systematic
uncertainties in support of the MINERvA neutrino cross section measurement
program.Comment: as accepted by NIM
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