25,878 research outputs found
Transient stress evolution in repulsion and attraction dominated glasses
We present results from microscopic mode coupling theory generalized to
colloidal dispersions under shear in an integration-through-transients
formalism. Stress-strain curves in start-up shear, flow curves, and normal
stresses are calculated with the equilibrium static structure factor as only
input. Hard spheres close to their glass transition are considered, as are hard
spheres with a short-ranged square-well attraction at their attraction
dominated glass transition. The consequences of steric packing and physical
bond formation on the linear elastic response, the stress release during
yielding, and the steady plastic flow are discussed and compared to
experimental data from concentrated model dispersions.Comment: J. Rheol., 58, in prin
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Identification of drivers, benefits, and challenges of ISO 50001 through case study content analysis
An expanding body of research is defining drivers, benefits, and challenges of adopting ISO 50001 energy management systems. The Clean Energy Ministerial's Energy Management Leadership Awards program requires ISO 50001-certified organizations to develop case studies of their implementation experience. 72 recent case studies spanning multiple economic sectors provide a unique global look at implementation from certified organizations' perspectives. This dataset was investigated through content analysis of phrases related to motivations and goals, the role of management and the organization, benefits achieved, keys to success, and challenges. This paper presents findings from this quantitative analysis of “codes” assigned to phrases that capture their meaning. While organizations adopted ISO 50001 for different motives and saw myriad benefits beyond energy savings and associated greenhouse gas emissions reductions, commonalities exist. The most frequently identified drivers are existing values and goals, environmental sustainability, and government incentives or regulations. Findings also include: obtaining and sustaining top management support is critical; top benefits mentioned are cost savings, productivity, and operational improvements; and the primary barrier is lacking a culture of energy management. Policymakers and others looking to accelerate ISO 50001 uptake can use these findings to highlight benefits and incentives that will resonate with corporate decisionmakers worldwide
Non--Newtonian viscosity of interacting Brownian particles: comparison of theory and data
A recent first-principles approach to the non-linear rheology of dense
colloidal suspensions is evaluated and compared to simulation results of
sheared systems close to their glass transitions. The predicted scenario of a
universal transition of the structural dynamics between yielding of glasses and
non-Newtonian (shear-thinning) fluid flow appears well obeyed, and calculations
within simplified models rationalize the data over variations in shear rate and
viscosity of up to 3 decades.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures; J. Phys. Condens. Matter to be published (Jan.
2003
Simple Current Actions of Cyclic Groups
Permutation actions of simple currents on the primaries of a Rational
Conformal Field Theory are considered in the framework of admissible weighted
permutation actions. The solution of admissibility conditions is presented for
cyclic quadratic groups: an irreducible WPA corresponds to each subgroup of the
quadratic group. As a consequence, the primaries of a RCFT with an order n
integral or half-integral spin simple current may be arranged into multiplets
of length k^2 (where k is a divisor of n) or 3k^2 if the spin of the simple
current is half-integral and k is odd.Comment: Added reference, minor change
Employee Response to Compulsory Short-Time Work
This paper reports the results of a survey of over 1500 employees who faced compulsory reductions of 10 percent in hours of work and earnings during the second half of 1985. The workers were asked how they used the free time and how they viewed the program, and their answers were analyzed in relation to their economic and social characteristics. On average, the workers spent 12 percent of the free time in uncompensated work for the company, 43 percent in other work (mostly housework, childcare, and other nonmarket chores), and 45 percent in leisure-time activities such as resting, reading, and hobbies. Ceteris paribus, education and income were positively related to percentage of time spent in company work, and age was negatively related. Time spent in other work rose with the presence of children, especially for women. Employee reaction to the program was generally favorable; married women were most positive and married men least positive. Workers 45 years of age and over were significantly more positive than those 35-44. There was a strong connection between time use and reaction to the program; workers who spent more of their free time working without pay at the company or in home production were much less positive than those who spent more time in leisure activities.
The relativistic self-energy in nuclear dynamics
It is a well known fact that Dirac phenomenology of nuclear forces predicts
the existence of large scalar and vector mean fields in matter. To analyse the
relativistic self-energy in a model independent way, modern high precision
nucleon-nucleon () potentials are mapped on a relativistic operator basis
using projection techniques. This allows to compare the various potentials at
the level of covariant amplitudes were a remarkable agreement is found. It
allows further to calculate the relativistic self-energy in nuclear matter in
Hartree-Fock approximation. Independent of the choice of the nucleon-nucleon
interaction large scalar and vector mean fields of several hundred MeV
magnitude are generated at tree level. In the framework of chiral EFT these
fields are dominantly generated by contact terms which occur at next-to-leading
order in the chiral expansion. Consistent with Dirac phenomenology the
corresponding low energy constants which generate the large fields are closely
connected to the spin-orbit interaction in scattering. The connection to
QCD sum rules is discussed as well.Comment: 49 pages, 13 figure
S_4-symmetry of 6j-symbols and Frobenius-Schur indicators in rigid monoidal C^*-categories
We show that a left-rigid monoidal C^*-category with irreducible monoidal
unit is also a sovereign and spherical category. Defining a Frobenius-Schur
type indicator we obtain selection rules for the fusion coefficients of
irreducible objects. As a main result we prove S_4-invariance of 6j-symbols in
such a category.Comment: 21 pages + 16 pages with figures; LaTeX2e plus macro package XYpic;
file with included pictures available as
http://www.desy.de/~jfuchs/s4/s4.ps.g
The Cole-Cole Law for Critical Dynamics in Glass-Forming Liquids
Within the mode-coupling theory (MCT) for glassy dynamics, the asymptotic
low-frequency expansions for the dynamical susceptibilities at critical points
are compared to the expansions for the dynamic moduli; this shows that the
convergence properties of the two expansions can be quite different. In some
parameter regions, the leading-order expansion formula for the modulus
describes the solutions of the MCT equations of motion outside the transient
regime successfully; at the same time, the leading- and next-to-leading order
expansion formulas for the susceptibility fail. In these cases, one can derive
a Cole-Cole law for the susceptibilities; and this law accounts for the
dynamics for frequencies below the band of microscopic excitations and above
the high-frequency part of the alpha-peak. It is shown that this scenario
explains the optical-Kerr-effect data measured for salol and benzophenone
(BZP). For BZP it is inferred that the depolarized light-scattering spectra
exhibit a wing for the alpha-peak within the Gigahertz band. This wing results
from the crossover of the von Schweidler-law part of the alpha-peak to the
high-frequency part of the Cole-Cole peak; and this crossover can be described
quantitatively by the leading-order formulas of MCT for the modulus.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figure
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